Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Timeline: Old English |
450 - 1150 |
|
|
Timeline: Middle English |
1150 - 1500 |
|
|
Timeline: "Modern English" |
1500 to Present |
|
|
Pre-English Period: The Celts |
The First People we have any clear language knowledge - settling here around 600 BC |
|
|
Pre - English Period: The Romans |
The group that arrived in the first century AD and remained here for around 350 years. |
|
|
Pre - English: Settlement of British Isles |
Scots: Ireland Scotland: Picts Britain: Britons |
|
|
Britonnic |
Probably the 1st Indo - European language spoken in England. |
|
|
Influence of Celtic on English |
Minimal - particularly in the local dialect, but the predominant legacy is in place names in Britian. - Crystal 2004) |
|
|
Pre - English: The Romans |
The group that established dominance in England around 80AD - although Wales and Scotland remained unconquered. |
|
|
Establishment of Old English: Angles , Saxons , and Jutes |
A period of great mobility and mixing of peoples, with language variety reflecting this. Unsure as to how intelligible language varieties were between 'groups' |
|
|
External Influences on Old English |
Christianity and the rise of latin Scandinavian Influence - the Viking Age |
|
|
OE: Christianity and the use of Latin |
- End of 5th Century latin is the language of the Chruch and Learning. - Transition away from runic alphabet to latin alphabet (8 century) |
|
|
OE: Scandinavian Influence - the Viking Age |
8th Century: Raiders from Denmark & Norway make permanent settlements among British coastline. |
|
|
OE: Old Nore / Danish |
Spoken by Vikings. Similar to OE in many ways as they are from the same Germanic family. |
|
|
OE: Viking Influence on standard speech |
a tremendous influence on the local dialect |
|
|
OE: Viking influence on grammar and syntax |
Very likely although difficult to demonstrate in the 9th century due to the lack of literary material preserved. |
|
|
OE: Inflectional simplification/breakdown |
English seems to have begun in Northumbria - where most Vikings settled. |
|
|
Standardisation of language |
selection codification elaboration implementation |
|
|
ME: Caxton and Consequences of Printing |
- Establishing legitimacy of English as well as standardization. |
|
|
ME: Growth of Capitalism |
Entrepreneurs and Merchants became rich, whilst those on fixed incomes suffered. Led to the restructuring of society in England along lines of social class. |
|
|
ME: The Reformation C.16th |
- Break from Catholic church -Rise of Humanist Science - Science required new words |
|
|
ME: Translation of Bible into English |
-Wycliffe (1380) Tynedale (1525) translated the Bible into English from Latin - Chuch and upper classes worried and wanting to control the spread of knowledge. -King James 1 authorized an English version in 1611 |
|
|
ME: Stabilisation of English ( Grammar ) |
- Inflectional changes - Spelling is regularized through printing |
|
|
ME: Stabilisation of English ( Vocabulary ) |
over 30,000 words added to the English language |
|
|
ME: The Great Vowel Shift |
1400 - 1650: Modern Pronunciation Created -Cause unclear - Merchant classes contact with prestigious varieties of English |
|
|
ME: The Act of Union (1707) |
When Scotland, England, and Wales established Great Britain. |
