English

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Essay

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A piece of writing that most commonly consists of five or more paragraphs including an introduction, a thesis statement, body paragraphs, and a conclusion

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Writing Requirements

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Any one thing that can influence the writing or the writing environment; these factors include, but are not limited to, the content required to correctly answer the prompt, the evidence of certain writing abilities (or skills) demonstrated in the writing, the expected length of the paper, and the amount of time given to complete the writing

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Thesis Statement

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A sentence, or a group of sentences, that state(s) the main ideas of a subject (or focus) of the paper and reflects the purpose of the writing; it is usually found at the end of the introductory paragraph, and it is re-stated at the beginning of the conclusion paragraph

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Topic

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The focus, or subject, of an essay; remember, the key to effective writing is in the writer’s ability to select a topic that is not too broad or too narrow

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Topic sentence

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The first sentence of a body paragraph; it states the main idea for that paragraph, which comes directly from the thesis statement

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Introduction

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The first paragraph of an essay; the first sentence of an introduction engages the reader’s attention while the remaining sentence(s) state(s) the thesis statement

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Body Paragraphs

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The “middle” paragraphs of an essay; the first sentence is the topic sentence while the remaining sentences explain the idea, elaborate it with supporting details, and transition to the next paragraph

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Conclusion

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The last paragraph of an essay; the first sentence re-states the thesis statement and the remaining sentence leaves the reader with a final thought (a general statement about the topic or an action statement)

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Transition

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A word or phrase that helps writing flow smoothly and logically from one idea to another and from one paragraph to another

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Supporting Details

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Sentences in body paragraphs that follow the topic sentence and support the main idea; a writer should use at least two of the following ways to develop the topic: examples, facts, statistics, quotes, or descriptions

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Colon

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A punctuation mark of two dots (:) that signals a dependent clause, a quotation, or a list and can also be used to introduce new information

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Semi-colon

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A punctuation mark with a dot above the comma (;) that signals a close relationship or connection between two independent clauses

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Comma

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A punctuation mark (,) that separates parts of a sentence; it is most commonly used in the following three ways: before a coordinating conjunction linking two independent clauses, after introductory phrases, and in between items in a series

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Period

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A punctuation mark (.) that signals a complete stop in a thought; they are also used in abbreviations, initials, money, and percentages

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Quotation marks

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Punctuation marks(“ “) that are used to enclose direct quotes (no more than three lines long), definitions, or expressions; they are also used to separate dialogue from text, indicate clever uses of words, and identify titles of articles, short stories, essays, poems, songs, and book chapters

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Italics

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- A standard formatting practice used to identify the titles of books, newspapers, magazines, films, television series, plays, operas, and artwork; the use of italics is preferred in typewritten pieces of writing

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Underlining

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A standard formatting practice used to identify the titles of books, newspapers, magazines, films, television series, plays, operas, and artwork; the use of underlining is preferred in handwritten works

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Exclamatory Sentence

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A sentence that expresses strong emotion; it ends with an exclamation point (!)

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Declarative Sentence

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A sentence that states a fact; it ends with a period (.)

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Interrogative Sentence

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A sentence that asks a question; it ends with a question mark (?)

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Imperative Sentence

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A sentence that gives a command; it ends with either a period (.) or an exclamation point (!)