English 9 Mid-Term Exam Review

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aphorism

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a brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life

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theme

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the central idea, or insight, about life that it reveals
usually the message

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dialogue tag

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"she said," "Jack said," "said the unhappy man"

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topic sentence

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a "mini-thesis statement". it lets the reader know what the paragraph is about

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thesis statement

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main idea of an essay
puts forth an arguable opinion about a subject
has a subject, opinion, plan

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simile

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a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things, using an explicit word such as 'like', 'as', 'than', or 'resembles'

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metaphor

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a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlke things, in which one thing becomes another thing without the use of the words 'like', 'as', 'than', or 'resembles'

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extended metaphor

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a metaphor developed over several lines of writing, comparing, something in several ways

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personification

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a special kind of metaphor in which a nonhuman thing or quality is talked aabout as if it were human

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symbol

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something concrete(real), such as a object, person, place, or action that stands for something more abstract, such as an idea, a feeling, or an emotion

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alliteration

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the repetition of the same consonant sounds in words that are close together in a poem, or the repetition of constant sounds that are very similar

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onomatopoeia

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the use of a word whose sound imitates or suggests its meaning

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internal rhyme

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a rhyme that occurs within a line a poetry

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end rhyme

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a rhyme that occurs at the end of a line of poetry

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imperfect rhyme

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words that repeat some sounds but are not exact echos

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rhythm

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a musical quality produced by the repetion of stressed and unstressed syllables, or by the repetition of certain other sound patterns, in poetry and prose

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meter

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a generally regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry

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stanza

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a group of consecutive lines in a poem that form a single unit

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hyperbole

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exaggeration for effect, not meant to be taken literally

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couplet

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two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme

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sonnet

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fourteen-line lyric poem, always written in iambic pentameter, that has one of serval rhyme schemes

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allusion

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a reference in litature to something famous, often to methology or the Bible

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explicit theme

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the author comes right and directly states the theme of the story in the story

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implicit theme

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the characters act out the theme for us

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diction

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1.Choice and use of words in speech or writing,degree of clarity and distinctness of pronuciation in speech or singing

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imagery

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language that appeals to the senses

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mood

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the general sense or feeling which the reader is supposed to get from the text

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tone

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the author’s attitude, stated or implied, toward a subject

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form

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the "shape" or organizational mode of a particular poem

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connotation

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the ideas or qualities that are implied by that word

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denotation

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the minimal, strict definition of a word as found in a dictionary

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flashback

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a method of narration in which present action is temporarily interrupted so that the reader can witness past events--usually in the form of a character's memories, dreams, narration, or even authorial commentary

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point of view

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the perspective from which the story is told

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1st person

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a narrator who is a character in the story. Readers can get into only the narrator's thoughts to know what she or he is thinking about the action or other characters in the story

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3rd person limited

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the narration is about the characters in the book and thus is told using third person pronouns
readers get into only one or two characters' thoughts

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3rd person omniscient

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the narration is about the characters in the book and thus is told using third person pronouns
readers get into several characters' thoughts

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protagonist

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main character

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antagonist

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a character in a story or poem who deceives, frustrates, or works again the main character

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direct characterization

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the author directly states a character’s traits or makes direct comments about a character’s nature

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indirect characterization

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the author does not directly state a character’s traits; instead the reader draws conclusions and discovers a character’s traits based upon clues provided by the author

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sensory detail

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words and phrases that help readers see, hear, taste, feel, or smell what an author is describing

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external conflict

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the problem or struggle that exists between the main character and an outside force

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internal conflict

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the problem or struggle that takes place in the main character’s mind

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social commentary

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a spoken or written act of rebellion toward an individual or group; commentary on social issues or society

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transition

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the passing from one subject or division of a composition to another
proceeding smoothly and logically from one point to the next