English 10 Provincial

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Alliteration

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the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.

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Allusion

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Allusion is a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance. It does not describe in detail the person or thing to which it refers.

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Antagonist

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character or a group of characters which stand in opposition to the protagonist or the main character. The term antagonist comes from Greek word “antagonistēs” that means opponent, competitor or rival.

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Aside

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happens when a character's dialogue is spoken but not heard by the other actors on the stage. Asides are useful for giving the audience special information about the other characters onstage or the action of the plot.

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Atmosphere

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refers to the feeling, emotion, or mood a writer conveys to a reader through the description of setting and objects.

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Audience

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targeted people who witness the production of a work of art...plays, poems etc are presented to them

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Ballad

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The ballad is a poem that is typically arranged in quatrains with the rhyme scheme ABAB. Ballads are usually narrative, which means they tell a story. Ballads began as folk songs and continue to be used today in modern music.

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Bias

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Bias, prejudice mean a strong inclination of the mind or a preconceived opinion about something or someone. A bias may be favorable or unfavorable: bias in favor of or against an idea.

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Blank Verse

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verse without rhyme, especially that which uses iambic pentameter.

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character

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a person in a novel, play, or movie.

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Chronological order

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The definition of chronological is arranged in the order it happened. An example of chronological is a biography that starts in 1920 and goes through 1997

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Cliche

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a phrase or opinion that is overused and betrays a lack of original thought.

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Climax

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the most intense, exciting, or important point of something; a culmination or apex.

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Colloquial

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used in ordinary or familiar conversation; not formal or literary.

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Comedy

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the style or genre represented by comedy films, plays, and broadcast programs.

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Compare

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Comparison is a rhetorical or literary device in which a writer compares or contrasts two people, places, things, or ideas. In our everyday life, we compare people and things to express ourselves vividly.

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Internal Conflict

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psychological struggle within the mind of a literary or dramatic character, the resolution of which creates the plot's suspense, mental struggle arising from opposing demands or impulses

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External Conflict

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struggle between a literary or dramatic character and an outside force such as nature or another character, which drives the dramatic action of the plot, struggle between a person and an outside force: external conflict between parents and children.

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Connotation

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refers to a meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicitly. Words carry cultural and emotional associations or meanings in addition to their literal meanings or denotations.

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Contrast

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describes the difference(s) between two or more entities

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Denotation

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generally defined as literal or dictionary meanings of a word in contrast to its connotative or associated meanings.

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Description

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a spoken or written representation or account of a person, object, or event.

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Dialogue

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conversation between two or more people as a feature of a book, play, or movie.

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Direct Presentation

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a character is described by the author, the narrator or the other characters.

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drama

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an exciting, emotional, or unexpected series of events or set of circumstances.

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Dynamic character

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a literary or dramatic character who undergoes an important inner change, as a change in personality or attitude: Ebeneezer Scrooge is a dynamic character.

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Exposition

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used to introduce background information about events, settings, characters etc. to the audience or readers. The word comes from the Latin language and its literal meaning is “a showing forth.” Exposition is crucial to any story, for without it nothing makes sense.

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falling action

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as the parts of a story after the climax and before the very end. An example of falling action is act four in a five-act play.

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figurative language

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uses words or expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation. When a writer uses literal language, he or she is simply stating the facts as they are.

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First person point of view

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where the story is narrated by one character at a time. This character may be speaking about him or herself or sharing events that he or she is experiencing.

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Flashback

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a scene in a movie, novel, etc., set in a time earlier than the main story

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Flat character

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two-dimensional in that they are relatively uncomplicated and do not change throughout the course of a work.

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Foil

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a character who contrasts with another character (usually the protagonist) in order to highlight particular qualities of the other character.

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Foreshadowing

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be a warning or indication of (a future event).

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free verse

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poetry that does not rhyme or have a regular meter.

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Genre

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a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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Hyperbole

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exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

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Image

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a word or phrase in a literary text that appeals directly to the reader's taste, touch, hearing, sight, or smell. An image is thus any vivid or picturesque phrase that evokes a particular sensation in the reader's mind.

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Imagery

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means to use figurative language to represent objects, actions and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses.

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Indirect Presentation/characterization

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he process by which the personality of a fictitious character is revealed through the character's speech, actions, appearance, etc

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Irony

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the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.

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Jargon

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defined as a use of specific phrases and words by writers in a particular situation, profession or trade. These specialized terms are used to convey hidden meanings accepted and understood in that field.

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Limited Omniscient Point of View

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The omniscient third person, in which the narrator knows and at least partially reveals the internal thoughts, feelings, and motivations of all the characters

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lyric

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a type of emotional songlike poetry, distinguished from dramatic and narrative poetry

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Metaphor

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refers to a meaning or identity ascribed to one subject by way of another. In ametaphor, one subject is implied to be another so as to draw a comparison between their similarities and shared traits.

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Mood

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is one element in the narrative structure of a piece of literature. It can also be referred to as atmosphere because it creates an emotional setting enveloping the reader. is established in order to affect the reader emotionally and psychologically and to provide a feeling for the narrative.

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Narration

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is established in order to affect the reader emotionally and psychologically and to provide a feeling for the narrative.

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Narrative

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a spoken or written account of connected events; a story.

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Narrator

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a person who narrates something, especially a character who recounts the events of a novel or narrative poem.

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Objective Point of View

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is when the writer tells what happens without stating more than can be inferred from the story's action and dialogue. (private "mental" stuff: sensations, beliefs, feelings, emotions, opinions, describes with opinion etc.)

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Omniscient Point of View

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in which a narrator knows the feelings and thoughts of every character in the story. Through omniscient narrative, an author brings an entire world of his characters to life and moves from characters to characters, allowing different voices to interpret the events, and maintaining omniscient form — that is keeping a distance.

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Onomatopoeia

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the formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named (e.g., cuckoo, sizzle ).

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Oxymoron

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a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction (e.g., faith unfaithful kept him falsely true ).

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Paradox

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is from the Greek word “paradoxon” that means contrary to expectations, existing belief or perceived opinion. It is a statement that appears to be self-contradictory or silly but may include a latent truth.

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Personification

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the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form.

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Persuasion

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literary technique that writers use to present their ideas through reasons and logic to influence the audience. It may simply use an argument to persuade the readers, or sometimes may persuade readers to perform a certain action.

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Plot

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the main events of a play, novel, movie, or similar work, devised and presented by the writer as an interrelated sequence.

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Point of View

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(in fictional writing) the narrator's position in relation to the story being told.

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Propaganda

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information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc. 2. the deliberate spreading of such information, rumors, etc. 3. the particular doctrines or principles propagated by an organization or movement.

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Protagonist

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the leading character or one of the major characters in a drama, movie, novel, or other fictional text.

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Refrain

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A Refrain is a verse or phrase that is repeated at intervals throughout a song or poem, usually after the chorus or stanza.

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Resolution

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the action of solving a problem, dispute, or contentious matter.

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Rhyme

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correspondence of sound between words or the endings of words, especially when these are used at the ends of lines of poetry.

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Rhyme scheme

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he ordered pattern of rhymes at the ends of the lines of a poem or verse. ababcdcd

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Rhythm

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a strong, regular, repeated pattern of movement or sound.

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Rising action

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in a plot is a series of relevant incidents that create suspense, interest and tension in a narrative. In literary works, a rising action includes all decisions, characters' flaws and background circumstances that together create turns and twists leading to a climax.

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round character

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is extremely realistic, behaving and speaking in a "real life" manner. The character is complex and increases in complexity throughout the story.

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sarcasm

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the use of irony to mock or convey contempt.

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satire

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the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.

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Setting

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the place or type of surroundings where something is positioned or where an event takes place.

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Simile

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a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid (e.g., as brave as a lion, crazy like a fox ).

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Slang

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a type of language that consists of words and phrases that are regarded as very informal, are more common in speech than writing, and are typically restricted to a particular context or group of people.

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Sonnet

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a poem of fourteen lines using any of a number of formal rhyme schemes, in English typically having ten syllables per line.

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Speaker

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is the voice behind the poem—the person we imagine to be saying the thing out loud.

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Stanza

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a group of lines forming the basic recurring metrical unit in a poem; a verse.

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static character

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a literary or dramatic character who undergoes little or no inner change; a character who does not grow or develop.

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stereotyped character

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is a person in a piece of writing or other media who is strongly characterized by membership to a recognizable group, such as race or gender. This character is also referred to as a stock character.

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style

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the literary element that describes the ways that the author uses words — the author's word choice, sentence structure, figurative language, and sentence arrangement all work together to establish mood, images, and meaning in the text.

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Suspense

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The condition of being suspended; cessation for a time. the pleasurable emotion of anticipation and excitement regarding the outcome or climax of a book, film etc. The unpleasant emotion of anxiety or apprehension in an uncertain situation.

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Symbolism

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can take many forms including: A figure of speech where an object, person, or situation has another meaning other than its literal meaning. The actions of a character, word, action, or event that have a deeper meaning in the context of the whole story.

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Theme

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is the central topic a text treats. Themes can be divided into two categories: a work's thematic concept is what readers "think the work is about" and its thematic statement being "what the work says about the subject".

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Tone

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literary compound of composition, which shows the attitudes toward the subject and toward the audience implied in a literary work.

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Tragedy

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A drama or literary work in which the main character is brought to ruin or suffers extreme sorrow, especially as a consequence of a tragic flaw, moral weakness, or inability to cope with unfavorable circumstances. b. The genre made up of such works. c.

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Understatement

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A figure of speech in which a writer or speaker deliberately makes a situation seem less important or serious than it is. A statement which lessens or minimizes the importance of what is meant.