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121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alliteration |
The repetition of sounds in nearby words, usually involving the first consonant words |
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Assonance
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The repetition of internal vowel sounds ex. Men sell the wedding bells |
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Consonance |
The repetition of the same internal or end consonant sounds within words close together ex. She ate seven sandwiches on a sunny Sunday last year Note: Different from alliteration!) |
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Allusion |
the reference to a famous figure, place or event from history, literature, mythology or the bible
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Analogy
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is the process of comparing two things or ideas |
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Anecdote: |
is a story or biographical incident that usually contains a small life lesson or moral message ex. aesop's fables |
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Apostrophe |
a poetic device that allows the poet or narrator of a poem to directly address something inanimate or someone dead or absent ex. |
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Aside |
a dramatic device where a character turns and apeaks directly to the audience, relating private thoughts that the other characters on stage cannot hear |
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Audience |
The group of listeners or readers for whom a message or text is intended |
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Ballad |
A narrative poem, usually quite simple and short; meant to be sung; makes use of refrains; it usually tells of a love story, historical event or heroic event or heroic tale |
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Bias |
The skewed presentation of an idea from a particular ideological presentation |
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Blank Verse |
unrhymed iambic pentameter (5 beats per line/ one stressed on unstressed) Found in much of Shakespeare's work |
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Catharsis |
refers to how people can be purged of their emotions through reading or watching works of fiction |
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Censorship |
The intentional removal of information that the censor, be it a government or media agent, deems harmful, sensitive or controversial |
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Character 1) Antagonist 2) Protagonist |
1) Antagonist: the force opposing the protagonist; could be a person, thing, nature etc. 2) Protagonist: the main character |
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Character types 1)Static Character |
1)Static Character: change very little or not at all during the course of a story; things happen to such a character without things happening within |
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Character Types 2) Dynamic Characters |
2)Dynamic characters: undergo a change in their personality, character or outlook as a result or events; these changes may be for the better or worse, large or small, but it's more than just a change of condition (alive or dead; richer or poorer) |
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Character Types 3) Round Characters |
3)Round characters: are complex individuals; we connot capture them within a single phrase or word |
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Character Types 4)Flat characteres |
4)Flat characters: are easily summed up, often with one sentence and are constructed around a single idea or quality |
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Character Types 5) Stereotypical/Stock characters |
5) Stereotypical/Stock characters: are conventional character type Ex. the revenge seeking hero, the scheming murderer, the stupid crook, the witty clown |
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We can learn about a character through: 1) Direct presentation |
1) Direct presentation: the writing tells you about the character |
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We can learn about a character through: 2) Indirect presentation |
2) Indirect Presentation: shows by what the character does, or others say about the character |
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We can learn about a character through: STEAL (Speech, Thoughts, Effects on others, Actions, Looks) |
Speech-What does the character say? How does the character speak? Thoughts-What is revealed through the character's private thoughts and feelings? Effect on others-What is revealed throught the character's effect on other people? Actions-What does the character do? How does the character behave? Looks-What does the character look like? How does the character dress? |
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Chronological Order |
A record of events in the order in which they occur |
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Cliche |
An overused, tired expression |
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Close reading |
The practice of analyzing and interpreting texts |
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Colioqual Language |
Informal conversation, can include the use of slang |
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Comedy |
A humorous play, which usually ends happily for the main characters |
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Compare |
Focus on the similarities between two things |
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Conflict |
The struggle between two opposing forces or characters; it may be internal or external |
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Types of Conflict 1) Person vs. Person |
1) Person vs. Person: A person going against another person; usually the antagonist |
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Types of Conflict 2) Person vs. Self |
2) Person vs. Self: A person struggling with themselves |
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Types of Conflict 3) Person vs. Society |
3) Person vs. Society: A person going against the accepted rules or norms of society |
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Types of Conflict 4) Person vs. Enviornment |
4) Person vs. Enviornment: A person against nature Ex. Flood, Snowstorm |
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Connotation |
The added meaning that suggests something positive or negative Ex. Snickering suggested mocking giving it a negative connotation Note that some words are neutral and do not suggest good or bad feelings |
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Context |
The circumstances that surround the writing and reading of a text. Trying to understand why a text was written and for whom it was written help to understand context |
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Contrast |
Focus on the differences between two things |
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Couplet |
Two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme |
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Denotation |
The meaning of a word independent of its emotional association |
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Description |
A type of composition where its purpose is to picture the scene or setting |
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Dialogue |
Spoken words exchanged between two or more characters; it is usually recognized by punctuation marks |
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Dilemma |
A choice between two equally undersirable courses of action |
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Double entendre |
A writing device that relies on the secondary meaning of a phrase or word |
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Drama |
A story told in action where the actors impersonate the characters |
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Dystopian Literature |
A genre of fiction that offers a picture of an imagined world in which everything is bad and individuals are often oppressed by a ruling government |
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Enjambment |
In poetry is the style of continuing a sentence from line to the next without pause |
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Euphemisms |
Words or phrases that are substitued for more direct words or phrases in an attempt to make things easier to accept or less embarassing |
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Exposition/Expository |
A type of composition where its purpose is to explain something |
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Drama |
Actors tell the story through their actions and speech |
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Figurative Language |
Language that is not intended to be understood literally but references one thing to express ideas about something else |
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Flashback |
A scene that interuppts the action to show an event that happened earlier |
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Foil |
A character whose behaviour, attitudes or opinions contrast with those of the protagonist. It usually helps us to understand the protagonist better |
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Foreshadowing |
An indication of something that may happen later in the story |
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Free Verse |
Poetry, which has no regular patterns of thyme, meter or line length |
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Genre |
The type or category that is recognized by form and/or style Ex. Science Fiction |
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Hyperbole |
Extreme exaggeration |
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Iambic Pentameter |
A line of five metrical feet (one stressed syllable followed by one unstressed syllable); each stressed syllable is one meter; pentameter means five meters |
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Idiom |
An expression that has a meaning different from the usual meanings of the individual words within it |
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Imagery |
Choosing words to create a strong picture or image in the reader's mind; is most often a visual picture but can relate to the other senses |
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Irony 1) Situational Irony |
1) Situational Irony: A difference between what happens and what be expected to happen
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Irony 2) Dramatic Irony |
2) Dramatic Irony: The differences between what the audience knows and what a character knows to be true |
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Irony 3) Verbal Irony |
3) Verbal Irony: The difference between what is said and what is actually meant |
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Jargon |
The language of a trade or profession |
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Juxtaposition |
To place together side by side two contrasting ideas or things |
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Lyric |
A poem of limited length expressing the thoughts and expecially the feelings of a single speaker |
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Metaphor |
A comparison of two things without using like or as; usually of two unlike things |
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Metonymy |
Reference to things or concepts not by name but by something closely associated with him |
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Monologue |
The speaker is alone onstage and address an unidentified audience that the reader should be able to figure out; the speaker reveals their innermost thoughts and key things about themselves |
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Mood |
The atmostphere that is created for the audience throught the tone of a text |
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Narrative Poem |
A poem that tells the story |
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Onomatopoeia |
The use of words to imitate sounds |
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Oxymoron |
A phrase consisting of contradictory terms |
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Paradox |
A statement that seems contradictory or absurd is actually true |
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Personification |
Giving human qualities to something that is not human |
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Persusive Essay |
A persusive essay is written to convince the reader of a particular opinion |
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Plot |
The events in a story |
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Plot Structure 1) Introduction/Initial Incident |
-The opening of a story -provides background information or basic details of the story |
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Plot Structure 2) Rising Actions |
-The first event that introduces the conflict
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Plot Structure 3) Climax |
-The actions has risen to its highest point -"What will happen?" "Will the hero win?" -A cliff hanger usually ends here |
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Plot Structure 4) Falling Actions |
-The events that come after the climax |
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Plot Structure 5) Resolution/ Denouement |
-Loose ends are tied up -Conflict is resolved -The ending of the story |
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Point of View |
The standpoint from which a story is told; different point of view allow the reader to see the story in different ways |
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Point of View 1) First Person Point of View |
-The author becomes the character -This character may be a minor or a major character -Usually see the world "I" -Gain in reality and immediacy because the story is told directly by the paticipant |
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Point of View 2) Omniscient Point of View |
-The narrator is all seeing and all knowing -Written in third person (he, she) -Permits the widest points of view -May frequently shirt viewpoints |
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Point of View 3) Limited Omniscient Point of View |
-The author limits reader's perspective to only one character about whom all is known -The reader learns what only one character is thinking -Written in third person (he, she) |
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Point of View 4) Objective Narrator Point of View |
-The author tells the stories throught a video camera and only tells what is seen and heard and does not try to interpret or go into the feelings of the characters -Written in third person (he, she) |
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Prologue |
An introduction most frequently associated with drama. Usually includes facts that the readers need to know in order to understand the story |
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Propaganda |
Organized transmission of a belief by use of publicity, selected information, etc. |
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Prose |
The type of language used in novels, short stories, essays, etc. It does not use rhyme or meter Ex. a senetence |
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Pun |
Playing with the sound or meaning of words for humorous effect a) a word for which two meanings can be suggested b) the use of two words with similar sound |
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Refrain |
A line or lines repeated in a poem, usually at the end of each stanza |
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Repetition |
Repeating words or phrases to emphasize ideas or build rhythm |
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Rhyme |
The repetition of similar or duplicate sounds at regular intervals, usually the repetition of the sound of the last word in a line of verse |
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Rhythm |
The sense of movement attributato the stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of prose or poetry |
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Rhythm Scheme |
The arrangement of lines in a poem; a rhythm scheme of abab means that the first and third lines rhyme and the second and fourth lines rhyme |
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Sarcasm |
A bitter expression of strong disapproavl. It is personal, jeering and intended to hurt |
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Satire |
The ridicule of any subject |
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Setting |
The background against which actions takes place |
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Setting is made up of 1) Place/Geography |
1) Place/Geography: place, the land, scenery, and physical arrangements in a room Ex. a grade 9 english classroonthe sea by the windo, etc. |
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Setting is made up of: 2) Time |
2) Time: The time or period in which the story takes place Ex. 2010, last class of the day, the middle ages |
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Setting is made up of: 3) Atmosphere |
3) Atmosphere: the tone or mood, which helps to establish the reader;s expectations and attitudes. It can include religious, mental, moral, social and emotional conditions Ex. anxious, serene, relaxed, humorous, and suspenseful |
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Simile |
A comparison using like or as |
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Slang |
Highly informal language |
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Soliloquy |
An extended speech in which a character alone onstage expresses his thoughts; it may reveal the private emotions of the speaker and give information about the speaker's character. The speaker is talking to him or herself, while an audience 'eavsdrops'. |
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Sonnet |
14 lines of iambic pentameter, a set pettern of rhyme There are three four-line stanzas (quatrains) and one concluding two line stanza (couplet) Teh concluding couplet expresses the central of the sonnett |
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Speaker |
Narrator, the one who is telling the story |
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Stanza |
A grouping of lines, which form a division in a poem (like a paragraph in a story or essay) |
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Stereotypical |
A conventional mental image, especially a biased generalized image of the characteristics of an ethnic or social group |
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Style |
The features of a world that reflects its author's distinctive way of communicating. It refers to the way in which something is expressed which could include the use of literary devices, voice, word choice and sentence structure |
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Suspense |
The quality of a story tha makes the reader uncertain about the outcome |
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Symbol/Symbolism |
A symbol is something that stands for something else and has meaning beyond itself S |
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Synecdoche |
Referring to an entire thing or concept by referring to one of its parts |
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Text |
Any written word or piece |
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Theme |
The main idea of a story, often expressed as an insight about life in general or about human behaviour. It may be expressed directly or may be implied. Note that not all literary works have a theme; the purpose of a ghost story may be simply to frighten the reader |
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Thesis Statement |
The position or opinion the writer is trying to defend. It is usually stated in one or two sentences and everything else in the piece relates to it |
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Tone |
The attitudes that runs throughout hte text; this may include the writer's attitude toward the subject and/or the audience. Tone may be serious, angry, lighthearted, dark, etc. |
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Topic Sentences |
States the main idea of a paragraph, and is usually situated near or at the beginning of the paragraph, In an essay , each topic sentence should relate directly to the thesis of the essay |
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Tradegy |
Portrays the fall of a 'good' individual who goes inevitable to his doom (dies); Usually his fate is bound up with that of the entire community and his demise has wide repercussions. The reader is left with a sense of loss and waste. |
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Transistion Words |
Words or phrases that connects idea;s transistions help the reader clearly understand relationships such as time, space, emphasis, contrast, or comparisons |
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Understatement |
The literal sense of what is said falls short of (or under) the magniture of what is being talked about |
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Verse |
Another name for poetry (also sometimes used to mean a stanza or a poem) |
