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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four design features of language?
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ARBITRARY
DUALISTIC PRODUCTIVE DISCRETE |
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What is the communication triangle?
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REFERENT- picture
SPOKEN- cat PHONETIC- [kaet] |
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What are the 3 systems involved with language?
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NEURAL SYSTEM
MOTOR SYSTEM SENSORY SYSTEM |
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What are the 2 ways to study language?
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SYNCHRONICALLY- across time
DIACHRONICALLY- across space |
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What are 2 types of language change?
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INTERNALLY
EXTERNALLY- other language introduced |
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What is an idiolect?
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HOW ONE PERSON SPEAKS
LINGUISTIC COMMUNICATION DISTINCTIVE TO ONE INDIVIDUAL |
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What are 8 influences on an idiolect?
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AGE
SOCIAL/ECONOMIC CLASS ETHNICITY OCCUPATION TEMPORARY CONDITIONS THE MEDIUM AUDIENCE GENDER |
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What is a dialect?
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GROUP OF IDIOLECTS WITH UNIFORM FEATURES
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What is a vocabulary?
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LANGUAGE, STOCK OF WORDS
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What is a word?
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UNIT OF SPEECH OR WRITING
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What is an idiom?
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MEANING OF THE WHOLE IS NOT EQUAL TO THE SUM OF ITS PARTS
"KICK THE BUCKET" |
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What is a metonymy?
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PART REPRESENTING A WHOLE
"I HAVE SO MANY HEAD OF CATTLE" |
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What is a functional shift?
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WORD THAT CAN FUNCTION WITH DIFFERENT PARTS OF SPEECH
"FUCK" PRONOUNCED DIFFERENTLY WHEN A NOUN OR VERB: PRJOECT |
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What is a derivation?
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THE MAKING OF A NEW WORD BY ADDING AN ENDING TO IT
"REAL" REALISTIC, REALLY, REALITY |
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What is an etymological fallacy?
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THE IDEA THAT THE ORIGINAL MEANING OF A WORD IS THE TRUE MEANING
EX: GLAMOUR HAS HAD DIFFERENT MEANINGS THROUGHOUT TIME |
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What is an open class of words?
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WORDS CAN CONSTANTLY BE ADDED AND CHANGED WITHIN THIS CLASS
NOUNS, ADVERBS, VERBS |
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What is a closed class of words?
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FUNCTIONAL WORDS
CONJUNCTIONS, PREPOSITIONS, PROUNOUNS |
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What is phonology?
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STUDY OF SOUND IN SPEECH AS PART OF A LANGUAGE SYSTEM
36 sound classes Only pay attention to differences important to our own language |
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What is a minimal pair?
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TWO WORDS DISTINGUISHED BY A SINGLE SOUND
EX: POD, POT |
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What is a phoneme?
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THOUGHT OF THE WORD
/T/ |
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What is an allophone?
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UTTERANCE OF THE WORD
[T] |
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What is a diagraph?
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TWO LETTERS FOR ONE DISTINCT SOUND
EX: PH, SH, CH |
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What is a diachritic letter?
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LETTER THAT AFFECTS THE SOUND OF OTHER LETTERS
EX: ROD--- ROAD, RODE |
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What is a homonym?
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SOUND THE SAME, SPELLED DIFFERENTLY
THEIR, THERE, THEY'RE |
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What is a homograph?
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SOUND DIFFERENT, SPELLED THE SAME
EX: BASS, BASS |
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What is morphology?
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STUDY OF THE FORMS OF WORD/WORD COMPOSITION
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What are the 8 different parts of speech?
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NOUN
VVERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB PRONOUN ARTICLE CONJUNCTION PREPOSITION |
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What is a morpheme?
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THE MINIMUM UNIT OF MEANING IN A LANGUAGE
Ex: unnatural [un]+[natural] bound free Would NOT be [in]+[no]+[cent] these individual words do not make sense to this particular word |
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What is an inflectional morpheme?
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ALWAYS A DUFFIX
EX: Noun, add 's, 'es |
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What is a derivational morpheme?
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CAN CHANGE A WORD TO MAKE IT OPPOSITE OF ITSELF, AFFIXES
Ex: Holy vs. Unholy |
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What is syntax?
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STUDY OF GRAMMATICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN WORDS AND OTHER SENTENCES NOT DIRECTLY COMPOSED OF WORDS
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What is a noun phrase?
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NOUN AND MODIFIERS
MARY likes MONKEYS THE GIRL likes LITTLE MONKEYS |
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What is a verb phrase?
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mary LIKES monkey
mary MIGHT HAVE LIKED monkeys |
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What is a prepositional phrase?
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the man WITH THE RED TIE put the cookies IN THE BOX
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What is a clause?
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SEQUENCE OF WORDS CONSISTING OF A SUBJECT
S-V-O MOST STANDARD Subject, verb, object |
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What is a sentence?
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A CLAUSE THAT CAN STAND BY ITSELF AS A MAIN CLAUSE
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What is a simple sentence?
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I like bananas
Look for only one verb for a simple sentence |
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What is a compound sentence?
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I like bananas, but I don't like grapes
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What is a correlative sentence?
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Either you eat the banana, or I will
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What are the phonetic vowel phrases?
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ZEKE HIT EIGHT METH LABS
LOVE SQUAD WHO TOOK MO'S BALL |
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What is a sentence?
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A CLAUSE THAT CAN STAND BY ITSELF AS A MAIN CLAUSE
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What is a simple sentence?
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I like bananas
Look for only one verb for a simple sentence |
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What is a compound sentence?
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I like bananas, but I don't like grapes
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What is a correlative sentence?
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Either you eat the banana, or I will
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What are the phonetic vowel phrases?
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ZEKE HIT EIGHT METH LABS
LOVE SQUAD WHO TOOK MO'S BALL |
