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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thermal effect of food
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energy needed to prcess food( digest absord metabolize) proteins raise TEF
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Kilocalorie
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enit of measure to describe energy content ,=1000 calories, amount of heat to raise 1 kg of h2o.
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Basal metabolism rate
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amount of energy by body while body is at rest, major factor is lean body mass
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Smaller proportion of muscle mass to fat
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factor contributes to women having lower basal metobolic requirements
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Hormones
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serve as chemical messengers that help regulate and initiate/control enzyme activity
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gynoid and android
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gyn- smallwaist/large hip (pear) women
andr- high waist/large hip (apple) like men |
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Body fat for survival
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men-3 % , women- 12% and 20% for reproduction
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Severe obesity-
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BMI- greater than- 30 kg/m2
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Underweight-
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BMI is less than 18.5 , risk for alone older adult
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forms of energy in order of transformation
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chemical, electrical, mechanical, thermal, ult sx- sun
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Chemical bonds
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transfer energy- covalent, hydrogenand high energy phosphate(atp)
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Enzymes
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regulate energy reactions
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metabolic reactions
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anabolic- make more complex
cata- break down to simpler |
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Source of stored energy
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glycogen -short term
muscle- larger reservoir/critical to maintain Adipose- 1 lb=3500 kcal |
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energy balance
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E in - E out measured in Kcal or joule
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Joule
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amount of energy when 1 kg of substance is moved at rate of 1,/s2 , 1kcal= 4.184 kJ
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Colorimetry-
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bomb calometer ignites food and transfers heat to water calculates Kcals
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BMI
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weight(kg) / height(m2)
want- 20-25 kg/m |
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Popular diets
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ex- atkins, nutritionally inadequate, not much research, doesnt address behavior
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obesity relations
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Type 2 diabetes, high b/p, high blood lipids physical disability,GERD
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Total energy needs
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= BMR (60-70%)+TEF (10% of TEE)+PA
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Brain,lever, kidneys
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most metabolic active organs= 60 % of BMR
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BMR measurements
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Direct calorimetry( often used), indirect calorimetry and indirect labs
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BMR factors
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body size and comp( LBM), growth, fever, climate, genetics
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Body composition
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critical in determining build and health- lean body mass, body fat,water, mineral
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Body types in morphs
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Ecto- slender
Meso- prom muscle endo- soft accumulates fat |
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Body fat
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fat cell size and # determine amount amount, male- 13-21%, female range-23-31%
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Bone
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4-6 % of body weight , 75 % is calcium
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Body comp measures
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lean tissue,adipose, bone minera
indirect ex-weight under H2O, Dexa,MRI, waist to hip, skinfold |
