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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Energy
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The ability to do work or cause change.
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What are the two basic kinds of energy?
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potential and kinetic
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kinetic energy
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energy of motion
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potential energy
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Stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object.
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What factors affect kinetic energy
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Kinetic energy of an object depends on both its mass and its velocity.
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Gravitational Potential Energy
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Potential energy related to an object' height.
GPE = Weight * height |
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Elastic Potential Energy
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energy of stretched or compressed objects
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Mechanical Energy
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The form of energy associated with the position and motion of an object.
Mechanical energy = Potential energy + Kinetic energy |
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Thermal energy
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The total potential and kinetic energy of the particles in an object.
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electrical energy
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the energy of moving electrical charges
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chemical energy
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a form of potential energy that is stored in chemical bonds between atoms.
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nuclear energy
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the potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.
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electromagnetic energy
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a form of energy that travels through space as waves.
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law of conservation of energy
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the rule that energy cannot be created or destroyed.
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fossil fuel
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a material such s coal that forms over millions of years from the remains of ancient plants and animals.
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temperature
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a measure of the average energy of motion of the particles of a substance.
It is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual particles in matter |
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Three common scales for measuring temperature
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Fahrenheit Scale,
Celsius Scale, Kelvin Scale |
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celsius scale
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the temperature scale on which water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees.
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fahrenheit scale
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the temperature scale on which water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees.
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kelvin scale
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the temperature scale on which zero is the temperature at which no more energy can be removed from matter.
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heat
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thermal energy that is transferred from matter at a higher temperature to matter at a lower temperature.
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specific heat
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the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a material by 1 kelvin.
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How is heat transferred?
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conduction, convection, and radiation
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conduction
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heat is transferred from one particle of matter to another without the movement of the matter.
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convection
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the transfer of heat by the movement of currents within a fluid
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convection current
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a current caused by the rising of heated fluid and sinking of cooled fluid.
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radiation
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transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.
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Movement of heat
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If two objects have different temperatures, heat will flow from the warmer object to the colder one.
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conductor of heat
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transfers thermal energy well.
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insulator of heat
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does not transfer thermal energy well.
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States of matter
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solid, liquid, gas
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solid
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a state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume.
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liquid
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a state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volume.
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gas
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a state of matter with no definite shape or volume.
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change of state
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the physical change from one state of matter to another.
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How can matter change from one state to another?
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when thermal energy is absorbed or released.
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melting
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the change of state from a solid to a liquid. Solid absorbs thermal energy.
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freezing
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the change of state from a liquid to a solid. Matter releases thermal energy.
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vaporization
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matter changes from a liquid to a gas. Particles in a liquid absorbs thermal energy.
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evaporation
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vaporization taking place at the surface of a liquid.
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boiling
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vaporization occuring below the surface of a liquid.
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boiling point
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temperature at which a liquid boils.
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condensation
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a change from the gas to the liquid state
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thermal expansion
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expanding of matter when it is heated.
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heat engine
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transform thermal energy to mechanical energy.
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