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13 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Root Morphology and Access Preparation

Maxillary Anterior
1. Maxillary Incisor - 1 root, 1 canal, type 1 canal. Triangular access prep

2. Maxillary Lateral Incisors - 1 root, 1 canal, type 1 canal. Ovoid access prep

3. Maxillary canine - On average longest tooth in the mouth. 1 root, 1 canal, and type 1 canal. Ovoid access prep
Root Morphology and Access Preparations

Mandibular Anterior
1. Central and Lateral Incisors - 1 root, 1-2 canals, type 1-3. Usually 2 canals and 1 foramina. Ovoid access prep.

2. Canine - 1 root, 1 canal, type 1 canal. Ovoid access
Root Morphology and Access Preparations

Premolars
1. Maxillary 1st - 2 roots (usually), 2 canals, type 1 canals. Ovoid prep

2. Maxillary 2nd - 1 root usually, 2 canals, each type 1. Access prep is ovoid

3. Mandibular 1st - 1 root, multiple canals sometimes 3, type 1 canal. Ovoid prep

4. Mandibular 2nd - 1 root, 1 canal, type 1 canal. Ovoid preparation
Root Morphology and Access Preparations

Molars
1. Maxillary 1st - 3 roots, a palatal, MB, and DB. Palatal and DB usually have 1 canal which is type 1. MB usually has 2 canals which can be a type 2 or a type 3. Access is triangular

2. Maxillary 2nd - Same as maxillary 1st

3. Mandibular 1st - usually 2 roots, a mesial and a distal. The mesial is usually a type 3 with 2 canals. The distal is usually a type 1 with 1 canal. Sometimes there is a disto-lingual root with a type 1 canal. Access is rectangular

4. Mandibular 2nd - Same as first
Reasons for the Early Coronal Flare
1. Minimize piston in cylinder effect
2. Removal coronal pulp tissue
3. Prevent coronal pulp tissue from being pushed down apically
4. Easier access to the canal
5. Allow for the IAF w/o cervical interference
6. Allow for maximum irrigation efficiency
Irrigation
-right after coronal flare irrigate the canals with 3% sodium hypocloride (NaOCl)
-Helps to clean the canal and kill bacteria

1. Remove debris
2. Lubricate the canal
3. Kill microorganisms
4. Dissolve any remaining pulp tissue
Canal Chemicals
Intra-Canal Medication
-The medication is calcium hydroxide
-It dissolves tissue (necrotic pulp tissue), no allergenic, bacteriocidal, and it is alkaline
-Put it in with the lentulo spiral under slow speed

Temporary Filling
-ZOE
Instrumentation of Curved Canals
1) Pre-Curve the file. Don't curve a K-file past 25 and a H-file past 30
2) Step back 1mm each time
-If the canal is so curved that you can't even get your MAF to the working length then you need to do a double or early step back. If you're 25 won't go to the working length, take your 20 to 1mm short of the working length and widen the coronal portion of the apex. Try the 25. If it doesn't work, go back in a bit higher and repeat
Obturation
-If the D11 spreader goes to within 1mm short of the WL and the GP goes to the WL tightly then you're good to go
-Dry the canal
-Wipe the GP (1 size bigger than your MAF) with Grossman's Sealer and insert
-Use the spreader for lateral condensation
-For the D11 use the MF accessory points, for the D11-T use the FF
-Continue to add accessory points until the spreader cannot be moved more than 3mm past the CEJ
Obturation PPT Extra
1. Gutta Percha- Mostly zinc oxide and a bit of gutta percha
2. Sterilize the GP with 5% NaOCl for 1 minute
3. Disadvantage of GP - Not antimicrobial, requires sealer to adhere to the canal walls, and it is not rigid
4. Grossman sealer is where you get the antimicrobial action. Also sealer helps with adhesion and to sell the small cracks because it is more flowable
5. If the GP comes out with the spreader then it was either too small, the spreader wasn't used right, or too much sealer was used, or the spreader was damaged, or the spreader went deeper than the GP
Asepsis
1. Asepsis - A procedure used to minimize bacterial contamination
-The three steps in asepsis are cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization
2. DIsinfection involves killing most microorganisms except bacterial spores
3. Sterilization kills ALL life forms including bacterial spores
Procedural Mishaps
1. Ledge - Caused by no pre-curving of the file, sizing file sizes, and being too aggressive with the hand instrument

2. Perforation - Create another hole in the tooth (another canal) or go through the apical stop. Can be due to aggressive instrumenting or if you lose/ignore your reference point or working length

3. Stripping - Due to no anti-curvature BMI, using a large hand file than needed, or too aggressive with the GGB

4. Separated Instrument - Can be do to using a worn down instrument, forcing the instrument too much, rotating the instrument in a narrow canal, or bending it too much
BioRace
-4 strokes at 500rpm and then clean. 2 rounds and if they don't work then go back
-BR0 goes through the coronal 4-6mm
-BR1 on go to the working length.
-Recapitulate each time
-BR3 should not go to the working length if the canal is very curved apically
-BR0 cuts coronally, BR1 cuts the middle 1/3, the rest go to the apical 1/3
-Only start biorace once a #15 hand file is loose at the working length
-A vital tooth is not infected so you want to do the root canal and place the filling in one visit. For a non-vital tooth you need to add medicament and temporary filling material until the bacteria goes away before you can fill