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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Thyroids is derived from |
Endoderm except parafolicular c cells which is derived from neural crest |
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Adrenal cortex is derived from |
Mesoderm but medulla from neural crest |
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Melanotropin secretory hormone MSH |
MIDDLE LOBE OF PITUITARY |
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Aipcidophilic hormone |
GH ➕ PROLACTIN |
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Posterior pituitary is derived from |
Neurectoderm |
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Endocannabinoids acts on |
Nucleus acumbens Hypothalmus. ➡➡➡⬆⬆apetite |
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V2 receptors present in |
Principal cells of collecting ducts and it induce aquaporin isenrtion |
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Kidney reabsorbtion calcium occur in response to PTH in |
DCT |
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PTH inhibit Phosphate reabsobtion in |
PCT |
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PTH induced vitamin D activation is by |
1 alpha hydroxylase activation in PCT |
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PTHrP ⬆in |
🔴squamous cell Ca of lungs 🔴renal cells Ca |
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Wolf chaikoof effect |
increse iodine ➡decrease activity of thyroid peroxidase ➡decrease organification ➡⬇T3 T4 |
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Wolf chaikoof effect |
increse iodine ➡decrease activity of thyroid peroxidase ➡decrease organification ➡⬇T3 T4 |
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cAMP dependent hormones |
Lahori ➡LH Chargha➡CRH Masala➡MSH Fish➡FSH Achari➡ACTH Paratha➡PTH Tikkashop➡TSH And➡ADH Ciggi➡hCG Ghr➡GHRH With calcium➡➡calcitonin ➕Glucose➡Glycagon |
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cGMP |
BNP ANP EDRF (NO) |
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IP3 |
GO➡➡(GROWTH hormone ➕OXYTOCIN) Through➡➡TRH angio➡➡Angiotensin 2 And ➡➡(ADH V1) His➡➡ (HIStamin 1) Gas ➡➡Gastrin |
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IP3 |
GO➡➡(GROWTH hormone ➕OXYTOCIN) Through➡➡TRH angio➡➡Angiotensin 2 And ➡➡(ADH V1) His➡➡ (HIStamin 1) Gas ➡➡Gastrin |
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IP3 |
GO➡➡(GnRH ➕OXYTOCIN) Through➡➡TRH angio➡➡Angiotensin 2 And ➡➡(ADH V1) His➡➡ (HIStamin 1) Gas ➡➡Gastrin |
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Nonreceptor tyrosine kinase pathway➡➡JAK/STAT PATHWAYS |
Ery!!➡eryhtropoitin Throw➡thrombopoitin Pro➡PROLACTIN immuno➡IMUNOMODULATPRE (CYTOKINES ) G➡G-CSF G➡GH |
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Map kinase pathway |
INSULIN IGF1 EGF PDGF FGF |
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Cushing disease |
ACTH producing pituitary adenoma |
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Cushing disease |
ACTH producing pituitary adenoma |
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Primary adrenal insufficiency |
Adrenal glands problem |
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Secondary adrenal insufficiency |
ACTH is low due to pituitary problem |
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Tertiary adrenal insufficiency |
CRH is low from hypothalmus Or ➡due to chronic exogenous steroid use hypothalmic suppression will occur |
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Metyrapone stimulation test used for |
Adrenal insufficiency |
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Metyrapone block |
11 deoxycortisol ➡🛇cortisol |
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Metyrapone block |
11 deoxycortisol ➡🛇cortisol |
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Normal response of metyrapone test |
⬆ACTH ⬇cortisol ⬆deoxycortisol |
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Abnormal metyrapone test is if primary |
ACTH will ⬆ But Deoxycortisol and cortisol both ⬇ |
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Abnormal metyrapone test is if primary |
ACTH will ⬆ But Deoxycortisol and cortisol both ⬇ |
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In 2°\3° adrenal insufficiency metyrapone test will be |
Both ACTH and deoxycortisol ⬇⬇ |
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In 2°\3° adrenal insufficiency metyrapone test will be |
Both ACTH and deoxycortisol ⬇⬇ |
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In secondary or tertiary adrenal insufficiency aldosterone is |
Preserved but in primary it does not normal it is decreased |
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APUD |
Amine precurson uptake decarboxylase ➡secrete many amine hormones |
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Neuroblastoma |
🔴homer wright rossetes 🔴NSE ➕ 🔴Chromogranin➕ 🔴Synaptophysin ➕ 🔴Bombesin ➕ ⬆⬆Overexpression of n-myc gene✔ |
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Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome Irregular mass of abdomen crossing midline |
Neuroblastoma |
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Pheochromocytoma |
Phenoxybenzamine Alpha 1 blocker before beta blocker must be given |
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Pheochromocytoma |
Phenoxybenzamine Alpha 1 blocker before beta blocker must be given |
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Pheochromocytoma |
Phenoxybenzamine Alpha 1 blocker before beta blocker must be given |
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Hypothyroid myathy ➡➡⬆CK |
Thyrotoxic myopathy ➡normal ck |
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Diffuse thyroid enlargement |
Graves diseasd Iodine deficiency Hashimoto Tsh secreting adenoma |
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Nodular thyroid swellings |
Toxic multinodular goiter Thyroid adenoma Thyroid cyst Thyroid carcinoma |
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Hashimoto thyroidoitis associated with |
HLA DR5 ⬆risk of non hodgkin lymphomaas |
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Hasimotos thyroiditis histology |
Hurthle cells (large oxyphilic cells filled with granular cytoplasm) Mononuclear infiltrate Germinal centres |
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Hasimotos thyroiditis histology |
Hurthle cells (large oxyphilic cells filled with granular cytoplasm) Mononuclear infiltrate Germinal centres |
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Hard rock like mass thyroid |
Reidel thyroidoitis Histolgy➡➡mix cell infiltrate with multinucleated cells |
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Hard rock like mass thyroid |
Reidel thyroidoitis Histolgy➡➡mix cell infiltrate with multinucleated cells |
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Women with painful thyroid |
De quarvian thyroid/sub acute thyroiditis ➡histolgy Giant cells Granulamotous inflammation |
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Women with painful thyroid |
De quarvian thyroid/sub acute thyroiditis ➡histolgy Giant cells Granulamotous inflammation |
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Goitrogens drugs |
Amiadrone Lithium |
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Jod basedow phenomena |
Decreasing iodine in already deficient person will lead to thyrotoxicosis |
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Jod basedow phenomena |
Decreasing iodine in already deficient person will lead to thyrotoxicosis |
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RAS mutation in which thyroid cancer |
Follicular thryoids CA which spread hematogenously |
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RAS mutation in which thyroid cancer |
Follicular thryoids CA which spread hematogenously |
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Papillary thyroid cancer is associated with which gene muataion |
RET and BRAF |
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Papillary thyroid cancer is associated with which gene muataion |
RET and BRAF |
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Medullary carcinoma is asociated with which mutation |
RET ➡men 2 A MEN 2 B |
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Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism |
Similar to Albright osteodystrophy But as the name suggest it is false albright bcz Physical feature are same but kidneys are PTH responsive |
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Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism |
Similar to Albright osteodystrophy But as the name suggest it is false albright bcz Physical feature are same but kidneys are PTH responsive |
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Nelson syndrome |
Excessive ACTH producing adenoma growth After bilateral adrenalactomy due to loss of negative feedback from cortisol |
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Pituitary apoplexy |
Hemorrage in pituaitary adenoma if it is in ACTH adenoma it will present with cardiovascular collapse |
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Pituitary apoplexy |
Hemorrage in pituaitary adenoma if it is in ACTH adenoma it will present with cardiovascular collapse |
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Pituitary apoplexy |
Hemorrage in pituaitary adenoma if it is in ACTH adenoma it will present with cardiovascular collapse |
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Pegvisomant |
Growth hormone receptor antagonist |
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Pegvisomant |
Growth hormone receptor antagonist |
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Pituitary apoplexy |
Hemorrage in pituaitary adenoma if it is in ACTH adenoma it will present with cardiovascular collapse |
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Pegvisomant |
Growth hormone receptor antagonist |
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Gigantism is associated with which cancet |
Colorectal carcinoma and polyp |
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Nephrogenic diabetis inspidus is caused by |
Hypercalcemia Hupokalemia Lithium ADH analog |
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Ghrelin stimulate |
Hunger And GH release |
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PTH also ⬆cAMP in urine and |
⬆RANK L expression |
Mg ⬇↔⬆PTH |
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Hypothyroidism ⬇LDL receptor expression on hepatocytes |
Hypercholestrolemia |
Inverse occur in Hyperthyroidism |
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Propylthiouracil side effect |
Hepatotoxicity ANCA associated vasculitis |
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Demeclocycline |
ADH antagonist of tetracycline family used in SiADH |
Side effects are like those of tetracyclin |
