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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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autosomal dominant; hemagioblastomas are found in the cerebellum, spinal cored and retina; associated with renal angioma, renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma
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Von Hippel-Lindau disease
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which enzyme is most commonly deficient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia? how is this genetic disorder conferred?
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21-hydroxylase; autosomal recessive
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criteria to diagnose DM-II
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FBS > 125 x 2 occasions
RBS > 200 + symptoms two-hour post-prandial glucose > 200 x 2 occasions |
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HBA1C goal
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<7%
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impaired fasting glucose = ??
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>110 but <126
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best test for thyroid function
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TSH
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weakness, fatigue, weightloss, anorexia, depression, increased pigmentation and hypotension
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Addisons
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what is osteomalacia?
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low vitamin D levels leading to defective bone mineralization
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where does follicular thyroid cancer typically spread to?
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hematogenously to lung, brain, bone
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how do you differentiate between follicular thyroid carcinoma versus adenoma?
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need invasion of capsule and blood supply to differentiate
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tests for Hashimotos thyroiditis
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anti-thyroid peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies
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adrenal insufficiency + calcifications of the adrenals with a negative cosyntropin stimulation test
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adrenal TV
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what tumor should be suspected in a patient with a narrowing visual field and acromegaly?
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pituitary adenoma
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what type of hypersensitivity is Graves disease?
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type II
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infiltrative ophthalmopathy (proptosis) + infiltrative dermopathy (pre-tibial myxedema) = ??
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Graves disease
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what is the strongest predictor of retinopathy in diabetics?
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renal disease
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over treatment with calcium carbonate can lead to what?
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milk-alkali syndrome
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how do you treat milk-alkali syndrome?
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fluids and loop-diuretics
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what organ failure can milk-alkali syndrome lead to?
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acute renal failure
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when are plasma cortisol levels highest?
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6am to 8am
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Sheehans syndrome will have what effect on LH and FSH?
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decrease in both LH and FSH
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newly diagnosed DM type I need to check their blood glucose how often?
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multiple times daily
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what is the most common side-effect of oral sufonylureas? (i.e. glyburide)
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hypoglycemia
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what is the best test to diagnose osteoporosis?
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DEXA scan
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what side effect does minoxidil have in women?
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hirsutism
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decreased renin levels + hyperkalemia + hypernatremia = ??
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Conns syndrome
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first line treatment for hyperthyroidism in pregnancy
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propylthiouracil (PTU)
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what must you monitor for in all asthma/COPD patients on steroids?
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iatrogenic hypercortisolism
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what is the best way to prevent diabetic foot ulcers?
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self glucose monitoring
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what is the best and most cost-effective way to monitor renal function in diabetics?
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microalbumin:creatnine ratio
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what test must you monitor in patients taking propylthiouracil (PTU) and why?
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PT; it has anti-vitamin K activity
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weight loss + muscle weakness+ fatigue + hypotension + skin hyperpigmentation = ??
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primary adrenal insufficiency (Addisons disease)
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most reliable way to raise HDL
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exercise
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how does an Addisonian crisis present?
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similar to shock with fever and hypotension, along with polydipsia, GI complaints, weightloss and hyperpigmentation
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what is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in adult females?
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Hashimotos/autoimmune thyroiditis
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what is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in juveniles?
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Hashimotos/autoimmune thyroiditis
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how does Hashimotos/autoimmune thyroiditis initially present?
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presents as an asymptomatic enlargement of the thyroid
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pseudofractures on x-ray
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osteomalacia
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what is Bartter's syndrome?
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rare, inherited disorder causing hyperaldosteronism
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what is the most common cause of necrotizing adrenal infections in HIV patients?
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CMV
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what is MEN I (aka Wermers syndrome?
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involves the parathyroid, pancreas, pituitary
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what is MEN II (Sipples syndrome)?
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pheochromocytoma + medullary thyroid carcinoma + parathyroid
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what is MEN III?
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pheochromocytoma + medullary carcinoma of the thyroid + oral/intestinal mucosal neuromas
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patient presents s/p dental procedure with meningeal signs, nuchal rigidity and papillaedema
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pyogenic brain abscess must be ruled out
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what is the most commonly injured nerve with a thyroidectomy?
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right recurrent laryngeal nerve
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how is a right recurrent laryngeal nerve injury diagnosed?
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fiberoptic laryngoscopy
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what does right recurrent laryngeal nerve injury result in clinically?
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unilateral vocal cord paralysis
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most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrahge
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rupture of berry aneurysm or A-V malformation
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treatment for symptomatic hypocalcemia
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slow IV infusion of calcium gluconate
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