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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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face plethoric and heart murmur?
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carcinoid syndrome
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what is neuroblastoma?
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most common adrenal tumor of the medulla in kids
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why does a prolactinoma cause amenorrhea?
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prolactin inhibits GnRH, which inhibits ovulation
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CAH causing hypertension?
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17-beta-hydroxylase deficiency
11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency |
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female but no maturation?
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17-beta-hydroxylase deficiency
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female pseudohermaphroditism?
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21-beta-hydroxylase deficiency
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CAH causing hypotension?
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21-beta-hydroxylase deficiency
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CAH with increased sex steroids?
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21 and 11- beta-hydroxylase deficiency
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increases urinary cAMP?
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PTH
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where in the nephron does PTH act to absorb calcium?
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DCT
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what stimulates kidney 1-alpha-hydroxylase?
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PTH to make 1,25-VitD
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where does VitD receive its first hydroxylation?
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liver
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where does Vit D2 come from?
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plants
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what causes production of active VitD?
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low calcium
low phosphorus high PTH |
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alkphos is elevated in...
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hyperparathyroid
Paget's |
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what condition causes low calcium and high phosphate?
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renal insufficiency
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what does calcitonin do?
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opposes the actions of PTH
(decreases bone resorption of Ca) |
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what stimualtes follicular cells in Graves' disease?
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TSI (thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin)
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brain and RBC take up glucose via..
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GLUT-1
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amenorrhea?
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prolactinoma
Cushing's |
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what does low-dose dex do in an ACTH producing tumor?
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nothing, cortisol is still high.
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what produces ectopic ACTH?
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small cell lung cancer
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how do you treat hyperaldo?
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spironolactone
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what is Conn's syndrome?
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primary hyperaldo
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what acid base disturbance in Conn's syndrome?
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metabolic alkalosis
(aldo stimulates H secretion) |
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what is Addison's disease?
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primary adrenal insufficiency due to adrenal atrophy
involves all 3 cortical divisions |
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what is secondary adrenal insufficiency?
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low pituitary ACTH
no hyperpigmentation |
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pheochromocytoma is associated with...
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NF
MEN II and III |
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how does MEN I present?
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kidney stones
stomach ulcers |
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how is MEN III different from Sipple syndrome?
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mucosal neuromas
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pretibial myxedema?
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Graves'
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facial and periorbial myxedema?
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hypothryoid
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what is Reidels' thyroiditis?
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hypothyroid from fibrous tissue in the thyroid
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autoimmune hyPERthyroid?
autoimmune hyPOthyroid? |
Graves'
Hashimoto |
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what's subacute (deQuervain's) thyroidits?
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post-flulike hyPOthyroid
ESR, jaw pain very tender |
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lymphocytic infiltrate?
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Hashimoto
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antibodies in Hashimoto?
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antimicrosomal
antithyroglobulin |
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what conditions cause an increase in GH?
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stress
exercise hypoglycemia |
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what causes secondary hyperparathryoidism?
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chronic renal disease (low calcium)
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bone condition associated with primary hyperpara?
secondary hyperpara? |
osteitis fibrosa cystica
renal osteodystrophy |
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what is pseudohypopara?
how does it present? |
kidney unresponsive to PTH
hypocalcemia, short stature, shorted 4th and 5th digits |
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what is milk alkali syndrome?
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calcium ingestion (hypercalcemia)
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HLA association of Type I diabetics?
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HLA DR3/4
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what are the classic symptoms of a diabetic?
(more common in Type I) |
thirst
weight loss polyuria polydypsia |
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where do the ketones come from in DKA?
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excess fat breakdown
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causes of central DI?
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pituitary tumor
trauma, surgery histiocytosis X |
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causes of nephrogenic DI?
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hereditary
secondary to hypercalcemia lithium or demeclocycline |
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sympotoms of DI?
how do you diagnose? |
intensive thirst and polyuria
water deprivation tests (osmolality doesn't increase) |
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indomethacin is used for...
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acute gout over colchicine
close the ductus nephrogenic DI |
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causes of SIADH?
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small cell lung cancer
pulmonary disease cyclophosphamide |
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use octreotide to treat
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GH excess
carcinoid syndrome |
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how do you treat central DI?
nephrogenic DI? |
desmospressin
hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride |
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where do gastrin-secreting tumors occur?
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pancreas or duodenum
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HLA in Hashimotos?
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DR4 adn B5
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why does Addison's present with hypotension?
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hyponatremic volume contraction
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where do pubic and axillary hair come from in women?
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adrenal androgens
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what does someone with 17 alpha hydroxylase deficiency look like?
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female but no maturation
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clinical presentations of 21-beta hydroxylase deficiency?
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female pseudohermaphroditism
hypovolemic shock in the newborn |
