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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
hormone
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chemical messenger carried by blood from gland to target
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paracrine agnet
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chem messenger that isn't carried by blood
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up-regualtion
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increased in receptor number due to low hormone concentration
increase reactivity |
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down-regualtion
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decrease in receptor number due to over-exposure to hormone
decrease reactivity |
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permissiveness
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hormone A must be present for hormone B to be effective
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physiological effects
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typical effects of a hormone caused by normal hormone levels
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pharmacological effects
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new effects of a hormone acused by super-high levels
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amine class hormones
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thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3)
epinephrine dopamine |
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thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
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set metabolic rate of all tissues
hydrophobic |
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epinephrine
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prepare body for fight-or-flight resopnse to unpleasant situation
hydrophilic |
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dopamine
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neurotransmitter released by hypothalamus
inhibits release of prolactin from anterior pituitary hydrophilic |
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peptides class hormones
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all hydrophilic
e.g. insulin, growth hormone |
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steroids class hormones
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all from cholesterol so all hydrophobic
aldosterone cortisol androgens testosterone estrogen and progesterone |
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aldosterone
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(adrenal cortex)
regulate excretion of Na and K ions in kidneys; also neurocorticoid |
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cortisol
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(adrenal cortex)
released during periods of stress; main glucocorticoid secreted |
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androgens
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(adrenal cortex)
grp of hormones w/ testosterone-like effects in men and women |
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testosterone
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(testes)
involved in reproduction in males |
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estrogen and progesterone
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(ovaries and placenta)
involved in reproduction in females |
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oxytocin
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relaesed by posterior pituitary
affects breasts and uterus; cause contraction of smooth muscle during lactation and labor |
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vasporessin (antidiuretic hormone)
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secreted by posterior pituitary
affects kidneys, increase amt of water retained |
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hormones secreted by posterior pituitary
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oxytocin
vasopressin |
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hormones secreted by anterior pituitary
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follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
lutenizing hormone (LH) growth hormone (GH) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) prolactin |
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follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
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affects gonads; cause secretion of estrogen and progesterone (or testosterone)
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luteinizing hormone (LH)
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affects gonads; same as FSH
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gonadotropins
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FSH and LH
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growth hormone (GH)
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affects liver; cause secretion of IFG-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1)
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thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
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affects thyroid; cause secretion of T4 and T3
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adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
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affects adrenal cortex; cause secretion of cortisol
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prolactin
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affects breasts; cause production of milk
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tropic hormone
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hormone that functions to cause secretion of another hormone
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hypothalamic hormones that travel portal vessles to anterior pituitary are:
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gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
growth hormone releaseing hormone (GHRH) growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH) thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) prolactin releasing hormone (PRH) dopamine |
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gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
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cause release of FSH AND LH (then estrogen/progesterone or testosterone)
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growth hormone releaseing hormone (GHRH)
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cause release of GH (then IFG-1)
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dopamine
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inhibits prolactin release
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prolactin releasing hormone (PRH)
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cause release of prolactin (then milk)
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corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
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cause release of ACTH (then release of cortisol)
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thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
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cause release of TSH (then T4 and T3)
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growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
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inhibits release of GH
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tropic hormone
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cause secretion of another hormone
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