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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hypothalamic hormones
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-GnRH
-GHRH -CRH -SS (GHIH) -PIF -TRH |
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Anterior Pituitary hormones
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-ACTH
-FSH -LH -GH -TSH |
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Posterior Pituitary hormones
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-ADH (vassopressin)
-Oxytocin |
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Thyroid hormones
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-T3
-T4 -Calcitonin |
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Adrenal Cortex hormones
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-Corisol
-Aldesterone |
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Adrenal Medulla hormones
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-NE
-E |
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5 classes of Steroid hormones
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-Mineralocorticoids
-Progestins -Androgens -Estrogens -Glucocoritcoids |
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other term for Anterior Pituitary
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Adenohypophysis
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other term for Posterior Pituitary
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Nerurohypophysis
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bone depression in which the pituitary glands reside
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Sella Turcica
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where is the hypothalamus located?
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-lines the wall of the 3rd ventricle of the brain
...substances w/in the 3rd ventricle can affect the hypothalamus and pituitary glands |
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formation of the Pituitary gland
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Posterior----> grows down from the hypothalamus: formation of the Infundibulum
Anterior----> grows up from roof of mouth (buccal ectoderm): formation of Rathke's Pouch... stalk eventually regresses |
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somatotropes
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-cell type of APG
-releases: Growth Hormone, Somatotropin -FCN: --stimulates: body growth, secretions of IGF-1, lipolysis --inhibits: actions of insulin on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism |
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thyrotropes
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-cell type of APG
-releases: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotropin) -FCN: --stimulates production of TH by Thyroid Follicular Cells -maintains the size of follicular cells |
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acidophils
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aka somatotropes...
b/c they strongly stain with acid dyes >>> APG turmors that secrete large amts of human growth hormone are called acidophilic tumors |
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GHIH / somatostatin
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Growth hormone inhibitory hormone = somatostatin
--inhibits the release of GH __major hypothalamic (from hypothalamus) inhibitory hormone that acts on the APG |
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how does GH fcn?
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---exerts its effects directly on all or almost all tissues of the body
---does not fcn thru a target gland like all other major APG hormones |
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GH names
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growth hormone
somatotropin somatotropic hormone 191 aa 22,005 daltons |
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GH Carbohydrate Utilization
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***GH's affects are Diabetogenic*** (increases the blood glucose concentration)
-decreases glucose uptake by most cells (not CNS) -decreases glucose utilization by cells -increases gluconeogenesis -increased Insulin Resistance--- decreases insulins actions... GH interferes with the signal transduction pathway for insulin, thus increases blood glucose concentrations |
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GH Protein Metabolism
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-enhances transport of some Amino Acids thru the cell membranes to the interior of the cells... increases the aa uptake
-increases RNA synthesis (increases transcription)... over longer periods of time, promotes protein syn, promotes growth -increased RNA translation (increases protein syn by ribosomes in the cytoplasm) -decreased Proteolysis (catabolism of protein and aa's/hydrolysis of protein for muscle mass) ***protein sparer*** |
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GH Lipid Metabolism
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-increases the concentration of fatty acids in the body fluids by causing the release of fa's from adipose tissue
-increased lipolysis :increases fa's and glycerol -increases gluconeogenesis |
