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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hypothalamic-pituitary axis |
TRH- hypothalamus TSH-anterior pituitary |
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TRS |
Release from the hypothalamus Acts on the anterior pituitary to release TSH down regulation |
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TSH |
Release from thyrotrophs from the anterior pituitary Stimulate iodine metabolism |
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Anti-thyroid antibodies |
Anti-thyroid peroxidase Antithyroglobulin antibodies Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins |
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Euthyroid |
Normal thyroid function |
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Hyperthyroidism |
Caused by grave disease Increase secreation of T3 & T4 from the thyroid gland Cause thyrotoxicosis |
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Thyrotoxicosis |
Hypermetabolic Occurs when there is elevated serum T3 and T4 Can be caused by thyroditis hyperthyroidism Causes-thyroid storm |
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Overt primary hypothyroidism/ subclinical |
TSH is high T3 T4 low |
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Radioactive iodide uptake |
High- graves disease multinodular gietor Low- thyroditis thyrotoxicosis |
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Hyperthyroidism signs and symptoms |
Weight loss Increase metabolism Heat tolerance Sweating Increase heat rate Fight or flight |
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Graves disease |
Cause thyrotoxicosis Autoimmune condition with Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin antibodies Binds to TSH and mimic it to produce T3 and T4 Increase T3 and T4 Decrease TSH Pretibial myxoedema |
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Hypothyroidism symptoms |
Weight gain Decrease metabolism Cold Low voice Myxedema |
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Hasimoto disease |
Autoimmune condition associated with Thyroid antibodies peroxide Painless diffuse gieter Treat with levothyroxine Triodothyronine- for myxedema Female |
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Subacute thyroditis de quervains |
Caused by both thyrotoxis and hypothyroditis Caused from upper respiratory tract viruses Granulomatous |
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Symptoms of graves disease |
Weight loss Vomiting Nausea Skin rash Insomnia Dysphagia Polyuria Polydipsia Weakness and fatigue Spider angiomas Bruit Pemberton's Chorea Delirious |
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T3 resin uptake |
T3 is added A portion of the T3 will attach to the unoccupied protein binding site The rest that is left is taken up by a resin |
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Thyroid storm |
Associated with thyrotoxicosis End stage |
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Free thyroxine index |
Total T4= the sum of free T4 x T3 resin uptake |
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Thyroditis |
Acute- due to bacteria infection Chronic- autoimmune thyroiditis Granulomatous thyroiditis- de quervain's sarcoidosis Riedels thyroiditis- extend beyond the thyroid gland |
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Microscopic hashimoto |
Fibrosis Hurtle cell metaplasia Destruction and atrophy of follicle Mononuclar inflammation with Lymph follicles with germinate centre Hyperthyroidism in early stage End result in hypothyroidism |
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Graves disease triad of |
Thyrotoxicoxis Ophthalmopathy (exophthalamos) Dermopathy (pretibial myxedema) |
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Grave disease and T cells |
Tcells meditate autoimmune reaction causing ophalmopathy and dermopathy End results is thyrotoxicosis |
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Multinodular goitre |
Due to impaired synthesis of thyroid hormone Iodine deficiency |
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Pathogenesis of nodules goitre |
Decrease iodine Increase TSH hypertrophy and hyperplasia of thyroid follicular cells |
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Microscopy of multinodular goitre |
Calcification Irregular Fibrosis Can rupture Hemorrhagic |
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Thyroid adenoma |
Intact capsule Hurtle cell adenoma |
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Thyroid carcinoma |
Papillary carcinoma Follicular Medullary Anaplastic Associated with genetic abnormality |
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Follicular carcinoma |
Ras mutation no lymph node metastasis Vascular invasion |
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Papillary carcinoma |
RET on chromosome 10q Calcification Orphans Annie eye nucleus Most common thyroid carcinoma |
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Cretinism |
Hypothyroidism in children Severe retardation Short protruding tongue |
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Myxedema |
Hypothyroidism in adults Sluggishness Obese cold |
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Medullary carcinoma |
Arise from parafollicular cells Amyloid deposits RET genes |
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Subclinical thyrotoxicosis |
Normal T3 and suppressed TSH |
