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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are some of the functions of hormines? (5)
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growth and dev
reproduction energy metabolism maintainance effects on organs |
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hormone released from cell and enters blood vessels.
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Hemocrine
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hormone released from cell and interacts with receptor(s) on nearby cells.
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paracrine
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direct transfer of messenger molecule into adjacent cells via gap jcts
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intercrine
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messenger molecule remains associated with cell membrane of signaling cell and interacts with receptor on adjacent cell.
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Juxtacrine
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hormone secreted and interacts with receptor on the same cell
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Autocrine
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messenger molecules produced by neurons
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neurocrine
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messenger molecule secreted into lumen of ductal system (i.e. GI, respiratory, urogenital).
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Solinocrine
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uptake of hormonal precursor and intracellular conversion to effective hormone and subsequent binding to intracellular receptor .
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Intracrine
ex is androgens |
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what are some hormones in a pattern or rythmic secretion?
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to keep from building up resistance to the hormone that can happen in the case of constant release.
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Synergistic
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enhance each other
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antagonistic
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against each other
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permissive effects
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one hormone allows another hormone to have its full effects
need prior exposure. |
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where are thyrotrophs located?
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ant pituitary
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what do thyroid hormones inhibit the release of?
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the TRH and TSH
acts on hypothalamus and the ant pituitary |
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where does somatostatin come from and what does it inhibit?
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from the hypothalamus and inhibits the release of TSH from the ant pituitary.
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where does TRH come from
TSH |
hypothalamus
ant. pituitary |
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describe insulin processing
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insulin and c-peptide are packaged together in secretory vessicles. upon secretion they are both released into the blood.
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how is insulin secreted (what form) and what must it become to be active?
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secreted in hexomer form and must be taken back to monomeric form to be active.
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do peptide hormones have long or short half lives?
steroids? |
short
long |
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are steroids stored?
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no
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are they bound to plasma proteins?
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yes
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where does the first step of steroid syn occur in the cell?
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mitocondria
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what is the precursor for steroid syn?
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cholesterole
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what is the enzyme needed to transport cholesterole into the mitcondria?
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StAR
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what regulates StAR?
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ACTH
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what is the enzyme that someone may lack in steroid syn but still has the ability to syn steroids?
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21 alpha hydroxylase
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what are thyroid hormones derived from?
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tyrosine
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are thyroid hormones bound to plasma proteins?
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yes
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do thyroid homes have ling half lives?
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yes
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what are ecosanoids syn from?
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essential fatty acids
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what is the most common precursors of ecosanoids?
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arachodonic acid from phospholipase A2.
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what is the most common class of methods used to measure hormone levels?
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immunoessay
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where is the surface receptor for hormone molecules that are bound to serum proteins?
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surface recpetors
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where is the recpetor for steroid hormones?
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in the cytosol of the cell.
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what tends to regulate kinase signaling pathways?
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phosphatases
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