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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Primary function of the Endocrine Sytem
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regulate internal environment
homeostasis |
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Structures of the Endocrine Sytem
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🔸Glands that secrete hormones
GLANDS 🔹Hypothalamus 🔹Pituitary gland 🔹Thyroid gland 🔹Parathyroid gland 🔹Adrenal glands 🔹Thymus 🔹Pancreas 🔹Gonads: ovaries & testes |
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What are hormones?
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🔹chemical messengers of the body
🔹act on specific target cells causing an⬆or⬇in body function |
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What is Negative Feedback❓
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Hormone regulation
When target cells release too much or too little hormone ➡sends back a message to reduce or increase that hormone released |
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Hypothalamus (IN BRAIN)
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Attached to the Pituitary gland
🔹 controls the anterior pituitary 🔹 temperature 🔹 fluid volume 🔹 growth |
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Pituitary gland "Master Gland"
-below hypothalamus |
🔸Anterior lobe has 6 hormones
🔸Posterior lobe has 2 hormones 🔸Anterior 🔹GH growth hormone 🔹PRL prolactin 🔹FSH follicle stimulating hormone 🔹LH luteinizing hormone 🔹TSH thyroid stimulating hormone 🔹ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone 🔸POSTERIOR 🔹ADH anti-dieretic hormone 🔹Oxytocin |
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Anterior lobe: GH growth hormone
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🔸target cells
bones and muscles 🔸stimulates growth & ⬆blood glucose levels |
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Anterior lobe: PRL prolactin
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🔸target cells
mammary glands 🔸stimulates breast development during pregnancy & milk secretion after delivery |
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Anterior lobe: FSH
Follicle stimulating hormone |
🔸target cells: TESTES AND OVARIES
🔸stimulates sperm production & estrogen secretion |
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Anterior lobe: LH
Luteinizing hormone |
🔸target cells: TESTES AND OVARIES
🔸 stimulates ovulation & testosterone secretion |
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Anterior lobe: TSH
Thyroid stimulating hormone |
🔸target cells: THYROID
🔸stimulates growth of thyroid & stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones |
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Anterior lobe: ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic hormone |
🔸target cell: adrenal cortex
🔸stimulates adrenal cortex growth & stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids |
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Posterior lobe: ADH
Anti-dieretic hormone |
🔸target cell: kidneys
🔸stimulates H2O retention ➡ ⬇urine output ⬆H2O in serum/body |
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Posterior lobe: Oxytocin
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🔸target cells: UTERUS & MAMMARY GLANDS
🔸uterine contraction during labor & milk secretion |
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Thyroid gland
-butterfly on trachea 2 lobes connected by an isthmus |
Hormones
●Thyroid hormone: Thyroxine T4 ⬆metabolism <iodine> ●Triidothyronine T3 ⬆metabolism <iodine> ●calcitonin ⬇ Ca+ levels in blood target cell: BONE |
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Parathyroid gland
-Posterior lobes of thyroid |
PTH Parathyroid hormone
🔹⬆Blood Ca+ levels Vitamin D necessary ❌PROBLEM❌ ⬇serum Ca+ levels causes PTH to be released ➡bone releases Ca+ into plasma ⬆serum Ca+ levels |
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Adrenal gland
-on top of each kidney -ADRENAL CORTEX |
🔸 corticosteroids
●glucocorticoids: cortisol 〰purpose: handle stress primary: ⬆blood glucose levels secondary: anti-inflammatory ●mineralcorticoids: aldosterone Salt & H2O balance target cells: KIDNEYS 🔸androgens: Sex hormones ❌PROBLEM ❌ ⬇blood volume/ BP ➡adrenal cortex ➡aldosterone ➡kidney ➡retain Na+ & H2O ➡⬆blood volume/BP |
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Adrenal gland
-ADRENAL MEDULLA |
Epinephrine AKA Adrenaline
Norepinephrine ACTION ⬆heart rate ⬆force of heart contraction PURPOSE physical stress response: fight or flight ❌PROBLEM❌ Stress➡fight or flight ➡adrenal medulla ➡epi/norepinephrine heart⬆heart rate/contraction blood vessels➡constriction ➡handle stress |
