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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is characterized as a pea sized gland that weighs 0.5gm and sites at the base of the brain in the sella turcica?
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Pituitary Gland
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Hormones that are made in the pituitary gland are responsible for?
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1) Growth
2) Reproduction 3) Metabolism |
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What are the two divisions of the pituitary gland?
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1) Anterior Pituitary (adenohypophysis)
2) Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysis) |
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What are the 5 cell types associated with the anterior lobe (pars distalis)?
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1) Somatotrophs
2) Mammotrophs 3) Corticotrophs 4) Thyrotrophs 5) Gonadotrophs |
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How do chromophils stains?
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Acidophilic (stains pink)
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How do baophils stain?
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Basophilic (Blue)
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What does somatotropin do?
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Released from the anterior pituitary, it increases the rate of cellular metabolism.
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What is the somatotroph histology?
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Organized RER and packed into secretory granultes.
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What does prolactin do?
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1) Promotes mammary gland development
2) Promotes lactation after birth |
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What are some characterisitics of prolactin?
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You hardly find them as individual cells. You will see an increasing amount during pregnancy.
The granules are about double the size as those in somatotropin. |
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What is unique about basophils other than their staining characteristic?
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They have carboyhydrate sidechains.
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Whats so special about the carboyhydrate sidechains?
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Periodic acid schiff reaction results in a magenta staining where the carbohydrate is.
Delivers greater contrast between acidophils and basophils compared to acid/base techniques |
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What do corticotrophs secrete?
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ACTH-adrenocorticotropic hormone- stimulates secretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex.
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What do thyrotrophs secrete?
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Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) which stimulates release of thyroid hormones.
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What is the histology of thyroid stimulating hormone?
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The cells are polygonal situated in clusters. Not contacting the sinusoids directly.
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What do gonadotrophs secrete?
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FSH and lutenizing hormone
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What does FSH do?
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Stimulates ovarian follicle development
In males, it initiates spermatogenesis |
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What does lutenizing hormone do?
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Triggers ovulation.
In men, it stimulates production of leydig |
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Which cells secrete nothing in the pars distalis?
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Folliculostellate cells
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Chromophobes are thought to represent chromophils that have released their ____.
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Granules
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Which part of the anterior pituitary is highly vascularized?
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The pars tuberalis
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Pars tuberalis release _____
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FSH and LH gonadotropins
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What is characterized by a thin remnant of the posterior wall apposed to the infundibulum of the neurophyphysis?
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The pars intermedia
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What type of cells make up the pars intermedia?
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cords of cuboidal cells lining small cysts (rathyke's cysts)
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What do Rathyke's cells secrete?
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Melanocyte-secreting hormone with no known function
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What grows as an evagination from the floor of the brain and remains attached to it via a stalk?
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Posterior Pituitary (neurohypophysis)
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Where do the nerve endings in the posterior pituitary come from?
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Somata within the Hypothalamus
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What are characteristics of the structure/components of the Pars Nervosa?
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1) unmyelinated axons
2) Neurosecretory granules |
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What important things do the neurosecretory granules of the pars nervosa contain?
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1) Oxytocin
2) Antidiuretic Hormone 3) Neurophysins |
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What does oxytocin do?
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1) Milk ejection
2) Contracts the smooth muscles of the uterus |
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What does antidiuretic hormone do?
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Also known as vasopressin, it increases water resorption in the renal collecting ducts.
It also induces arterial smooth muscle contraction in order to raise blood pressure. |
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What are branches off the Superior Hypophyseal arteries?
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1) Primary capillary plexus
2) Hypophyseal portal veins 3) Secondary capillary plexus |
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The primary capillary plexus supplies _____
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median eminence
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Hypophyseal portal veins drain _____
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primary capillary plexus
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Secondary capillary plexus receives blood from ____
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hypophyseal portal veins
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Inferior hypophyseal arteries primarily supply the _____ lobe
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Posterior
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Secondary plexus and posterior lobe exit the hypophysis into the _______
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cavernous sinuses
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Hormones enter the blood stream and have their effects on cells in the pars distalis as they pass through the ____ and ____.
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1) Primary capillary plexus
2) Secondary plexus |
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Where are the thyroid secretory products stored?
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In follicles
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Inactive form of storage of thyroid hormone
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Thyroglobulin
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What converts Iodide to Iodine?
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Thyroid Peroxidase
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This cell arises from the neural crest
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Parafollicular
Its also a pale cell that in generally in small clusters between follicles. |
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What type of hormone does parafollicular cell release?
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Calcitonin
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Which one has a more rapid effect? Calcitonin or PTH?
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Calcitonin.
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What other cell type is present in the parathyroid gland besides chief cells?
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Oxyphil cells.
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