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32 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Therapy of type 1 diebetes
Insulins
List all drugs:
1. Insulin aspart (novolog)
2. Insulin glargine [zinc complex] (lantus)
3. Insulin lispro (humalog)
4. Human insulin (humulin N (NPH insulin), Humulin R (Zinc + regular insulin, Humalin L (lente insulin, Humulin U, Humulin 50/50
*NPH insulin (isophane): a complex of protamine, and insulin, and intermediate acting insulin
*Lente insulin: an intermediate acting insulin
* Humulin R: a complex of zinc with regular insulin. This type of insulin has a rapid onset, and short duration
*Humulin U: a crystalline suspension of insulin and zinc, providing a slower onset and longer duration of action
*Humulin 50/50: a 50/50 mixture of isophane (NPH) insulin and regular human insulin; it is a rapid onset, intermediate acting inuslin
*humulin 70/30: a 70/30 mixture of isophane insulin and regular human insulin; it is a rapid-onset, intermediate acting insulin available as 100u/ml insulin for SC injection

B. Porcine (pork) NPH insulin (isophane) brand name: NPH-N, NPH Iletin II
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs used in the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus
List all classes that support this function:
Oral Sulfonylureas
Biguanides
Thiazolinediones
Meglitinides
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs used in the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Oral Sulfonylureas
Mech of action:
These drugs act by inbiting the transport of potassium across the membrane of the islet cell. This makes the cell supersensitive, and increases the release of insulin, which may help to stimulate desensitized receptors. In addition, the drugs help to sensitize the insulin receptors.
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs used in the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Oral Sulfonylureas
List all drugs in this class:
1. Glipizide (glucotrol, glucotrol XL)
2. Glyburide ( DiaBeta, Micronase)
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs used in the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Biguanides
Mechanism of action:
increase the uptake of glucose into tissues (muscle and fat) they thus lower blood sugar and lower plasma lipids. They do not cause hypoglycemia
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs used in the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Biguanides
List all drugs:
Metformin (glucophage)
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs used in the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Thiazolinediones
Mech of action:
These drugs are “insulin sensitizers”. They stimulate a particular intracellular receptor thought to be involved in genetically decreasing insulin resistance. They may be used in the therapy of type I diabetes, in conjunction with insulin, or in the therapy of type II diabetes (either monotherapy or in conjunction with another antidiabetic drug).
Unlike oral sulfonylureas, these drugs enhance tissue sensitivity to insulin poglycemia, and are ineffective in type I diabetes.
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs used in the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Thiazolinediones
List drugs:
1. Pioglitazone (actos)
2.Rosiglitazone (avandia, tiltab, avandamet (combo drug with metformin)
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs used in the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Thiazolinediones
Pioglitazone (actos)
Uses:
as an adjunct to diet in the thearpy of type II diabetes mellitus
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs used in the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Meglitinides
Mech of action:
These drugs affect potassium flow across the membrane of the beta cell.
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs used in the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Meglitinides
List drug:
Repaglinide (prandin)
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Mech of action:
This class of drugs inhibits carbohdrate breakdown and thus slows the absorption of carb ohydrates
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
List all drugs:
A. Acarbose (precose)
B. Miglitol (glyset)
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs used in the therapy of thyroid disorders
hypothyroidism
List drugs:
1. Levothyroxine (synthroid, levothroid, eltroxin)
2. Liotrix (thyrolar)
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs used in the therapy of thyroid disorders
hyperthyroidism
list drugs:
1.propythiouracil (Ptu)
2. Methimazole (tapazole)
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs used in the therapy of thyroid disorders
hyperthyroidism
propythiouracil (Ptu)
Special:
: preferred use in pregnancy
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs used in the therapy of thyroid disorders
hyperthyroidism
propythiouracil (Ptu)
Adverse:
may cause agranulocytosis
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs used in the therapy of thyroid disorders
hyperthyroidism
Methimazole (tapazole)
Elimination:
Renal
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs that affect the reproductive system
Mech of action:
Estrogens work by inhibiting the release of hormones from the hypothalamus that stimulate the ovaries. This prevents the initial development of the ovum.
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs that affect the reproductive system
Beneficial effects:
Estrogens lower serum lipids and may increase bone density.
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs that affect the reproductive system
Adverse effects
: Estrogens increase the amount of clotting factors, which can lead to spontaneous clot formation and strke or infarction.. Incrase the risk of hormone-related cancers, such as uterine and breast cancers.; have been shouwn to increase the incidence of endomtrial cancer in postmenopausal women
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs that affect the reproductive system
Contraindicated:
pregancy
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs that affect the reproductive system
Estrogens
List all drugs:
1. Conjugated Estrogens (Premarin)
2. Combination Drugs (PMB 400 conjugated estrogens with meprobamate
3. Estradiol (Estrace, estrace CP, Estring, Esclim, Vagifem (vaginal tablet)
4. Dienestrol (orthodienestrol, dienestrol RF
5. Estropipate (ogen, ortho-est, estropipate)
6.Quinestrol (Estrovis)
7.Esterified Estrogens (Menest, Estratab)
8.Estradiol cypionate ( depo estradio, estradiol cyp, lunelle (with medroxyprogesterone acetate)
9. Estone (Estrone AQ, Estrone Syn)
10. Ethinyl estradiol (nuvaring (with etongestrel), estrostep( (with norethindrone), preven (with levonorgestrel), levlite (with levonorgestrel)
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs that affect the reproductive system
Estrogens
Estradiol (Estrace, estrace CP, Estring, Esclim, Vagifem (vaginal tablet)
Uses:
oteoporosis .. Postmenopausal symptoms… contraceptive
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs that affect the reproductive system
Estrogens
Ethinyl estradiol (nuvaring (with etongestrel), estrostep( (with norethindrone), preven (with levonorgestrel), levlite (with levonorgestrel)
Uses:
morning after pill… postcoital contraceptive
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs that affect the reproductive system
Estrogens
Ethinyl estradiol (nuvaring (with etongestrel), estrostep( (with norethindrone), preven (with levonorgestrel), levlite (with levonorgestrel)
Form:
combo with progestin in order to decrease adverse effects.
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs that affect the reproductive system
Estrogen Anatagonists (Anti-Estrogens)
Mech of action:
These drugs bind to the estrogen receptor and prevent activation of the receptor by estrogen. They are competitive antagonists, for the most part.
of endomtrial cancer in postmenopausal women
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs that affect the reproductive system
Estrogen Anatagonists (Anti-Estrogens)
Uses:
mainly used in the therapy of estrogen dependent cancers, although they may also be used in a reproductive context. Because of this use, some texts list them as anticancer agents (antineoplastic agents) which they really are not.
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs that affect the reproductive system
Estrogen Anatagonists (Anti-Estrogens)
List all drugs:
A. Anastrozole ( Arimidex)
B. Clomiphene citrate ( Clomid, serophene, milophene)
C. Tamoxifen (nolvadex, Tamoxifen CIT)
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs that affect the reproductive system
Estrogen Anatagonists (Anti-Estrogens)
Clomiphene citrate ( Clomid, serophene, milophene)
Uses:
therapy of ovulatory dysfunction during pregnancy, polycysstic ovary syndrome
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs that affect the reproductive system
Progestins
Uses:
may be givin to prevent miscarriage. However recent evidence shows that use of these agents in the first trimester of pregnacy may cause fetal abnormalities, including the impression of male traits on a female fetus, and vice versa. In addition, use of these agents may prevent the spontaneous abortion of a nonviable fertilzed ovum or defectiv ovum.
Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents
Drugs that affect the reproductive system
Progestins
List all drugs:
A. Progesterone (prometirum, Gesterol)
B. Medroxyprogesterone acetate (amen, cycrin, provera, depo-provera)
C. Hydroxyprogesterone caproate (Delalutin)