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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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adeno
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gland
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adreno
adrenalo |
adrenal gland
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andro
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male
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crino
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to secrete
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dipso
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thirst
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gluco
glucoso glyco glycoso |
sugar
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hormono
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hormone (an urging on)
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keto
ketono |
ketone bodies
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pancreato
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pancreas
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thymo
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thymus gland
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thyro
throido |
thyroid gland (sheild)
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adrenal glands
suprarenal glands |
located next to each kidney, the adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones and the adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
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steroid hormones
glucocorticoids mineral corticosteroids androgens |
regulate carbohydrate metabolism and salt and water balance some effect on sexual characterisitics
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epinephrine
norepinephrine |
affect sympathetic nervous system in stress response
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ovaries
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located one on each side of the uterus in the female pelvis, functioning to secrete estrogen and progesterone
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estrogen
progesterone |
responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics and the regulation of reproduction
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pancreas (islets of Langerhans)
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located behind the stomach in front of the first and second lumbar vertebrae, functioning to secrete insulin and glucagon
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insulin
glucagon |
regulate carbohydrate/sugar metabolism
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parathyroid glands
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located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland in the neck, functioning to secrete parathyroid hormone
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parathyroid hormone
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regulates calcium and phosporus metabolism
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pineal gland
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located in the center of the brain, function to secrete melatonin and serotonin
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melatonin
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exact function unknown, affects onset of puberty
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serotonin
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a neurotransmitter that serves as the precurson to melatonin
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pituitary gland
hypophysis |
located at the base of the brain, the anterior pituitary secretes thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, melanocyte stimulating hormone, growth hormone, and prolactin; the posterior pituitary releases antidiuretic hormoe and oxytocin
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adenohypophysis
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anterior pituitary
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thyroid-stimulating hormone
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stimulates secretion from thyroid gland
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adrenocorticotrophic hormone
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stimulates secretion from adrenal cortex
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follicle-stimulating hormone
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initiates growth of ovarian follicle; stimulates secretion of estrogen in females and sperm production in males
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luteinizing hormone
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causes ovulation; stimulates secretion of progesterone by corpus luteum; causes secretion of testosterone in testes
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melanocyte- stimulating hormone
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affects skin pigmentation
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growth hormone
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influences growth
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prolactin
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stimulates breast development and milk production during pregnancy
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poterior pituitary
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neurohypophysis
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antidiuretic hormone
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influences the absorption of water by kidney tubules
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oxytocin
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influences uterine contraction
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testes
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located one of each side within the scrotum in the male, functioning to secrete testosterone
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testosterone
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affects masculinization and reproduction
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thymus gland
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located in the mediastinal cavity anterior to and above the heart, functioning to secrete thymosin
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thymosin
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regulates immune reponse
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thyroid gland
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located in front of the neck, functioning to secrete triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and calcitonin
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triiodothyronine (T3)
thyroxine (T4) |
known as the thyroid hormones; regulate metabolism
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calcitonin
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regulates calcium and phosphrous metabolism
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exophthalmos
exophthalmus |
protrusion of one or both eyeballs, often because of thyroid dysfunction or a tumor behind the eyeball
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glucosuria
glycosuria |
glucose in the urine
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hirsutism
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shaggy; an excessive growth of hair especially in unusual places
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hypercalcemia
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an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood
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hypocalcemia
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an abnormally low level of calcium in the blood
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hyperglycemia
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high blood sugar
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hypoglycemia
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low blood sugar
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hyperkalemia
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an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood
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hypokalemia
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deficient level of potassium in the blood
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hyponatremia
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low level of sodium ions in the blood
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hypernatremia
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excessive level of sodium ions in the blood
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hypersecretion
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decreased secretion
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ketosis
ketoacidosis diabetic ketoacidosis |
presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carobohydrates as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation
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metabolism
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all chemical processes in the body that represent growth, generation of energy, elimination of waste, and other body functions
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polydipsia
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excessive thirst
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polyuria
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excessive urination
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Cushing Sydrome
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Collection of signs and symptoms caused by an excessive level of corisol hormone from any cause, such as a result of excessive production by the adrenal gland, or more commonly as a side effect of treatment with glucocorticoid hormones such as prednisone for asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus or other inflammatory diseases. Symptoms include upper body obesity, facial puffiness, hyperglycemia, weakness, thin and easy bruised skin with stria, hypertension and osteoporosis
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adrenal virilism
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excessive output of the adrenal secretion of androgen in adult women owing to tumor or hyperplasia evidenced by amenorrhea acne, hirsutism and deepening voice
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diabetes mellitus
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metabolic disorder caused by an abnormal utilization of insulin secreted by the pancreas evidenced by hyperglycemia and glucosuria
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insulin
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hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas responsible for regulating the metabolism of glucose
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type 1 diabetes mellitus
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diabetes in which there is no beta cell production of insulin- the patient is dependent on insulin for survival
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type 2 diabetes mellitus
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diabetes in which the body produces insulin, but not enough,or there is insulin resistance the patient usually is not dependent on insulin for survival
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hyperinsulinism
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condition resulting from an excessive amount of insulin in the blood that draws sugar out of the bloodstream, resulting in the hypogycemia, fainting, and convulsions; often caused by an overdose of insulin or by a tumor of the pancreas
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pancreatitis
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inflammation of the pancreas
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hyperparathyroidism
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hypersecretion of the parathyroid glands, usually caused by a tumor
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hypoparathyroidism
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hyposecretion of the parathyroid glands
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Pituitary Gland
(Hypophysis) |
considered the master gland because if secretes hormones that regulate the function of other glands, such as the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, ovaries and testes
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acromegaly
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disease characterized by enlarged features, especially the face and hands, caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary hormone after puberty, when normal bone growth has stopped most often caused by a pituitary tumor
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diabetes insipidus
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condition of abnormal increase in urine output most commonly caused b inadequate secretion of pituitary antidiuretic hormone; symptoms include polyuria and polydipsia; urine appears colorless due to the inability of the kidneys to concentrate urine
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pituitary dwarfism
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condition of congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone slowing growth and causing a short yet proportionate stature often treated during childhood with growth hormone
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pituitary gigantism
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condition of hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood bone development that leads to an abnormal overgrowth of bone, especially of the lone bones; most often caused by a pituitary tumor
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goiter
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enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction, tumor, lack of iodine in the diet, or inflammation
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hyperthyroidism
Graves disease thyrotoxicosis |
condition of hypersecretion of the thyroid gland characterized by exophthalmia, tachycardia, goiter, and tumor
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hypthyroidism
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condition of hyposecretion of the thyroid gland causing low thyroid levels in the blood that result in slugishness, slow pulse and often obesity
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myxedema
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advanced hypothyroidism in adults characterized by sluggishness, slow pulse, puffiness in the hands and face, and dry skin
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cretinism
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condition of congeital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed
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blood sugar
blood glucose |
measurement of the level of sugar in the blood
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fasting blood sugar
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measurement of blood sugar level after a fast of 12 hours
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postprandial blood sugar
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measurement of blood sugar level after a meal, commonly after 2 hours
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glucose tolerance level
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measurement of the body's ability to metabolize carbohydrates by administering a prescribed amount of glucose after a fasting period, then measuring blood and urine for glucose levels every hour thereafter - usually for 4 - 6 hours
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glycohemoglobin
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molecule in hemoglobin that rises in the blood as a result of an increased level of blood sugar; it is a common blood test used in diagnosing and treating diabetes, also known as glycosylated hemoglobin
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electrolytes
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measurement of the level of specific ions in the blood, sodium, potassium, CO2 and chloride, electrolyte balance is essential for normal metabolism
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thyroid function study
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measuremnt of thyroid hormone levels in blood plasma to determine efficiency of glandular secretions, including T3, T4 and TSH
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urine sugar and ketone studies
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chemical tests to determine the presence of sugar of ketone bodies in the urine; used as a screen for diabetes
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computer tomography
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CT of the head is used to obtain a transverse view of the pituitary gland
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MRI
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nonionizing images of magnetic resonance are useful in identifying abnormalities of pituitary, pancreas, adrenal, and thyroid glands
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sonography
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sonographic images are used to identify endocrine pathology such as with thyroid ultrasound
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thyroid uptake and image
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nuclear image involving scan of the thyroid to visualize the radioactive accumulation of previously ingested isotopes to detect thyroid nodules or tumors
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adrenalectomy
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excision of adrenal gland
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hypophysectomy
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excision of pituitary gland
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pancreatectomy
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excision of a pancreas
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parathyroidectomy
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excision of a parathyroid gland
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thymectomy
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excision of thymus gland
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thyroidectomy
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excision of throid gland
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continuous subcunateous insulin infusion
insulin pump therapy |
use of an insulin delivery device worn on the body that sucutanelously infuses doses of insulin programmed according to teh individual needs of the diabetic patient
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radioiodine therapy
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use of radioactive iodine to treat disease such as to eradicate thyroid tumor cells
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antihypglycemic
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drug that raises blood glucose
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antithyroid drug
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agent that blocks the production of thyroid hormones; used to treat hperthyroidism
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hormone replacement
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drug that replaces a hormone deficiency
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hypoglycemic
antihyperglycemic |
drug that lowers bood glucose
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