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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Endocrine system
function |
manufacture proteins called hormones
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hormones
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are released into the blood stream and are carried to a target tissue where they stimulate an action
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Two classes of hormones
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steroid and peptide
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steroid hormones
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come from cholesterol and include the sex hormones
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Peptide hormones
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are derived from amino acids
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hormones specificity
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hormones are specific and fit receptors on the target cells surface. the receptor activates an enzyme that converts ATP to cyclic AMP.
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Cyclic AMP
(cAMP) |
is a second messenger from the cell membrane to the nucleus. the genes in the nucleus turn on or off to cause a specific response.
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where are hormones secreted from?
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hormones are secreted by endocrine cells that make up endocrine glands.
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Major endocrine glands
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hypothalamus
pituitary gland thyroid gland gonads pancreas |
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hypothalamus
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located in the lower brain, signals the pituitary gland
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pituitary gland
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located in the base of the hypothalamus, releases growth hormones and antidiuretic hormones (cause water retention in kidneys)
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thyroid gland
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located on the trachea, lowers blood calcium levels(calcitonin) and maintains metabolic processes (thyroxine)
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gonads
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located in testes of male and ovaries of females.
-testes release androgens to support sperm formation. -ovaries release estrogen to stimulate uterine lining and growth & progesterone that promotes uterine lining and growth. |
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pancreas
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-secretes insulin to lower blood glucose levels
-secretes glucagon to raise blood glucose levels. |
