Endocrine System

Front 1

The endocrine system control the body through the use of __________

Back 1

hormones

Front 2

hormones are made by _________and secreted into __________

Back 2

glands, the bloodstream

Front 3

hormones have 2 classes:

Back 3

peptide hormones and steroid hormones

Front 4

What are peptide hormones?

Back 4

they are proteins that cannot cross cell membranes and they bind to receptors outside the cell. They cause rapid effects by turning existing enzymes on and off. (eg. insulin, prolactin)

Front 5

What are steroid hormones?

Back 5

they are made from cholesterol and can cross cell membranes and bind to receptors inside the cell. They are slower and cause their effects by biding to DNA and changing which genes get transcribed. (eg. estrogen, testosterone)

Front 6

organs that are affected by a particular hormone are _____

Back 6

target organs

Front 7

what is the master endocrine organ?

Back 7

the pituitary gland

Front 8

the pituitary gland has two lobes:

Back 8

the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe

Front 9

What are the six hormones that the pituitary gland makes and secretes?

Back 9

growth hormone (GH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin

Front 10

Which hormone targets all tissues and organs and cause them to grow? It stimulates cell-turnover rate and is especially important in childhood and adolescence.

Back 10

growth hormone (GH)

Front 11

Which hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormones?

Back 11

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Front 12

Which hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex?

Back 12

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Front 13

Which hormone stimulates the gonads (reproductive organs) and cause the ovaries to mature and release estrogen and the testes to make sperm?

Back 13

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Front 14

Which hormone stimulates the ovaries to develop a corpus luteum and testes to make testosterone?

Back 14

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Front 15

Which hormone is released after childbirth to stimulate the mammary glands to make breastmilk?

Back 15

prolactin

Front 16

The pituitary gland is controlled by which part of the brain?

Back 16

hypothalamus

Front 17

For every hormone released by the anterior pituitary there is a ____________ from the hypothalamus

Back 17

corresponding releasing hormone

Front 18

Where are the hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stored and secreted by?

Back 18

posterior pituitary gland

Front 19

Which hormone causes the uterus to contract during childbirth and the release of milk?

Back 19

oxytocin

Front 20

Which hormone is also known as vasopressin and causes the kidneys to retain water?

Back 20

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Front 21

Where are oxytocin and ADH made?

Back 21

in the hypothalamus, they are transported to the posterior pituitary and stored there

Front 22

The thyroid gland secretes __________and________

Back 22

thyroxine (thyroid hormone), and calcitonin

Front 23

Which hormone increases the rate of metabolism for cells in the body?

Back 23

thyroxine

Front 24

What is hypothyroidism?

Back 24

low metabolism, gain weight, sluggishness, low level of iodine

Front 25

What happens when you have an overproduction of thyroxine?

Back 25

you get hyperthyroidism

Front 26

What does calcitonin do?

Back 26

It activates cells in bone that remove calcium from the blood and use it to build new bone

Front 27

There are ___parathyroid glands located on the ___________

Back 27

4, back of the thyroid gland

Front 28

What is parathormone? Does it increase or decrease calcium level in the blood?

Back 28

parathyroid hormone that activates cells in bone that dissolve the bone to release calcium into the blood. increase

Front 29

the adrenal glands have 2 parts:

Back 29

adrenal medulla (inner) and adrenal cortex (outer)

Front 30

adrenal medulla secretes________and_______

Back 30

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Front 31

adrenaline is also known as

Back 31

epinephrine

Front 32

What is the effect of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla?

Back 32

to increase the prolong the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

Front 33

What does the adrenal cortex secrete?

Back 33

steroids

Front 34

What are the 3 main classes of steroids?

Back 34

glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, sex steroids

Front 35

Which steroid causes gluconeogenesis and targets other body cells to use fats for fuel instead of glucose and increases blood glucose levels and metabolism?

Back 35

glucocorticoids

Front 36

What is the primary mineralocorticoid and what is its function?

Back 36

aldosterone, causes kidney to retaind sodium and water and increase blood volume and pressure

Front 37

Why are the sex steroids not important?

Back 37

the primary source of sex hormones are the gonads rather than the adrenal cortex

Front 38

What does the pancreas do?

Back 38

secretes insulin and glucagon and digestive enzymes

Front 39

What does insulin do? How does it affect blood glucose levels?

Back 39

takes glucose out of the blood for use in cellular respiration, stimulates liver to store glucose as glycogen. lowers it

Front 40

What does glucagon do?

Back 40

targets liver to break down glycogen into glucose and release into the blood (glycogenolysis). it raises blood glucose level

Front 41

What is the primary glucocorticoid?

Back 41

cortisol

Front 42

cortisol stimulates ________while glucagon stimulates_________

Back 42

gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis

Front 43

male sex steroids

Back 43

androgen

Front 44

What is responsible for developing male secondary sex characteristics during puberty and for normal sperm production

Back 44

testosterone

Front 45

What are the female sex steroids?

Back 45

estrogen and progesterone

Front 46

the most common form of estrogen

Back 46

estradiol

Front 47

________stimulates the growth of the uterine lining in the first half of the menstrual cycle while ________maintains the lining in the second half of the cycle

Back 47

estrogen, progesterone