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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
2 major classes of hormones
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1. nonsteroid hormones
2. steroid hormones |
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2 types of glands in the body
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1. endocrine glands &
2. exocrine glands |
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Acromegaly
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enlarged extremetites after childhood
hypersecretion of GH in adults |
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addisons disease
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hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones; re, nausea, muscle weakness, reduced bs , loss of weight & appetite
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adrenal ; function
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1secretes aldosterone (regulates sodium & postass.
2cortisol (regulates immune system), 3sex hormones |
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adrenal cortex(structure)
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1.inner layers secretes corticoids; 2,outer layer secretes mineral corticoids,
3middle layer; secretes glucocorticoids, cortisol, hydrocortisone, innermost secretes small amount sex hormones |
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Fight or flight release of epinephrine stimulated by sympathic nervous sytem, what gland?
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adrenal medulla;
secretes epinephrine,nonepinephrine adrenaline, &nonadrenaline |
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adrenocorticotropic hormone (ATCH)
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stimulates the adrenal cortex to increase in size &secrete larger amounts of hormones;especially cortisol
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anterior pituitary gland
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secretes TSH(thyroid stimulating gland), ACTH(Adrenocorticotropic hormone), FSH(follicle stimulating hormone), LH, GH & prolactin
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crushing syndrome
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hypersecretion of glucocorticoid by tumor in the middle zone of adrenal cortex
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diabetes insipidus
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caused by hyposecretion of ADH or elimination of extremely large volumes of urine
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diabetes mellitus
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can result from insulin hyposecretion or targets cells insensitivity to insulin
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dwarfism
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HYPOsecretion of GH during growth years
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endocrine glands
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ductLESS; secrete chemicals known as hormones into intracellular spaces
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endocrine system
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communication & control
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follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
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stimulates ovarian follicles in ovary to stat growing & cont. developing to maturity; stimulates production of sperm in males
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gigantism
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HYPERsecretion of GH during the early yrs of life
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glycogen
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stored in the liver
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hormones are the main receptors of:
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metabolism, growth&development, reproduction, other body activities
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hormones make the difference btween:
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normalcy & abnormalities such as dwarfism, gigantism, sterility
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hypothalamus
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maintains homeostasis; regulates body temp
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luteninising hormone (LH)
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stimulates follicle cells to secrete estrogens and causes ovulation; also called ovulating hormone
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negative feedback
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reverses the change in blood sugar level
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nonsteriod hormones
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1.protein hormone (thyroid stimulating hormone);
2 delivers chemical message to specific membrane receptor sites 3& activate molecules called 2nd messengers |
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ovaries
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ovarian follicles: pockets which ova(eggs) develop & corpus luetum secretes progesterone 7 some estrogen
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pancreas
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secretes insulin & glucagon; regulates blood sugar
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pancreatic islets
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alpha cells;secrete glucagon & beta cells;secretes insulin
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parathyroid glands
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four; in the back of the thyroid gland; secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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effects biological clock in the brain;
secretes melatonin in the brain; regulates sleeping & working patterns |
pineal glands
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pituitary gland; hormones of anterior &posterior
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2 endocrine glands; adrenohypoplysis (anterior) & neurohypophysis (posterior)
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positive feedback
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amplify changes rather than reverse them
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posterior pituitary gland
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releases ADH, & oxytocin
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prolactin
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stimulates breast development for lactation
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prostaglandins (PG)
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tissue hormones
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PTH
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Parathyroid Hormone;
increases concentration of calcium in the blood |
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sella turcica
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shenoid bone shaped like saddle; where pituitary gland lies
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steroid hormones
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can pass thru the membrane of the target cell lipid soluble;estrogren, progesterone,testosterone
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target organ cell
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hormone molecule binds to cell that has specific receptors for that hormone triggering a reaction
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thymus
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protects against infections; secretes thymosin
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thyroid-stimulating hormone
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stimulates the thyroid gland to increase secretion of thyroid hormone
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tropic hormones
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TSH,ACTH,FSH,LH; stimulates another gland endocrine gland to grow and secrete its hormone
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virilizing tumor
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affects inner zone of adrenal cortex produces androgen; resembles male secondary sexual characteristics
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Inadequate amount of iodine
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groiters
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What gland stimulates ATCH
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adrenal cortex
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Hormone produced in pituitary gland & stimulates release of hormone from adrenal cortex
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ACTH
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Hormones plays role in development & functioning of immune system
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Thymosin
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Thyroid hormone contains 3 atoms of iodine
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t3; triiodothyronine
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fight or flight what releases in a tress situation ?
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Epinephrine & neooephrine releases in stress situation
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this hormone is ex/of onerialcorticoid
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ldosterone
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hormone released by pancreatic islets cell, increase glucoue in blood
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glucagon
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hormone released from adrenal cortex; increase blood glucouse; antiimflammaroty
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glucocoricoid
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Projection
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Seeing one's unconscious urgings in another person's behavior (suspicion & paranoia)
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