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52 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
2 major classes of hormones
1. nonsteroid hormones
2. steroid hormones
2 types of glands in the body
1. endocrine glands &
2. exocrine glands
Acromegaly
enlarged extremetites after childhood
hypersecretion of GH in adults
addisons disease
hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones; re, nausea, muscle weakness, reduced bs , loss of weight & appetite
adrenal ; function
1secretes aldosterone (regulates sodium & postass.
2cortisol (regulates immune system), 3sex hormones
adrenal cortex(structure)
1.inner layers secretes corticoids; 2,outer layer secretes mineral corticoids,
3middle layer; secretes glucocorticoids, cortisol, hydrocortisone, innermost secretes small amount sex hormones
Fight or flight release of epinephrine stimulated by sympathic nervous sytem, what gland?
adrenal medulla;

secretes epinephrine,nonepinephrine
adrenaline, &nonadrenaline
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ATCH)
stimulates the adrenal cortex to increase in size &secrete larger amounts of hormones;especially cortisol
anterior pituitary gland
secretes TSH(thyroid stimulating gland), ACTH(Adrenocorticotropic hormone), FSH(follicle stimulating hormone), LH, GH & prolactin
crushing syndrome
hypersecretion of glucocorticoid by tumor in the middle zone of adrenal cortex
diabetes insipidus
caused by hyposecretion of ADH or elimination of extremely large volumes of urine
diabetes mellitus
can result from insulin hyposecretion or targets cells insensitivity to insulin
dwarfism
HYPOsecretion of GH during growth years
endocrine glands
ductLESS; secrete chemicals known as hormones into intracellular spaces
endocrine system
communication & control
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
stimulates ovarian follicles in ovary to stat growing & cont. developing to maturity; stimulates production of sperm in males
gigantism
HYPERsecretion of GH during the early yrs of life
glycogen
stored in the liver
hormones are the main receptors of:
metabolism, growth&development, reproduction, other body activities
hormones make the difference btween:
normalcy & abnormalities such as dwarfism, gigantism, sterility
hypothalamus
maintains homeostasis; regulates body temp
luteninising hormone (LH)
stimulates follicle cells to secrete estrogens and causes ovulation; also called ovulating hormone
negative feedback
reverses the change in blood sugar level
nonsteriod hormones
1.protein hormone (thyroid stimulating hormone);
2 delivers chemical message to specific membrane receptor sites
3& activate molecules called 2nd messengers
ovaries
ovarian follicles: pockets which ova(eggs) develop & corpus luetum secretes progesterone 7 some estrogen
pancreas
secretes insulin & glucagon; regulates blood sugar
pancreatic islets
alpha cells;secrete glucagon & beta cells;secretes insulin
parathyroid glands
four; in the back of the thyroid gland; secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH)
effects biological clock in the brain;
secretes melatonin in the brain; regulates sleeping & working patterns
pineal glands
pituitary gland; hormones of anterior &posterior
2 endocrine glands; adrenohypoplysis (anterior) & neurohypophysis (posterior)
positive feedback
amplify changes rather than reverse them
posterior pituitary gland
releases ADH, & oxytocin
prolactin
stimulates breast development for lactation
prostaglandins (PG)
tissue hormones
PTH
Parathyroid Hormone;
increases concentration of calcium in the blood
sella turcica
shenoid bone shaped like saddle; where pituitary gland lies
steroid hormones
can pass thru the membrane of the target cell lipid soluble;estrogren, progesterone,testosterone
target organ cell
hormone molecule binds to cell that has specific receptors for that hormone triggering a reaction
thymus
protects against infections; secretes thymosin
thyroid-stimulating hormone
stimulates the thyroid gland to increase secretion of thyroid hormone
tropic hormones
TSH,ACTH,FSH,LH; stimulates another gland endocrine gland to grow and secrete its hormone
virilizing tumor
affects inner zone of adrenal cortex produces androgen; resembles male secondary sexual characteristics
Inadequate amount of iodine
groiters
What gland stimulates ATCH
adrenal cortex
Hormone produced in pituitary gland & stimulates release of hormone from adrenal cortex
ACTH
Hormones plays role in development & functioning of immune system
Thymosin
Thyroid hormone contains 3 atoms of iodine
t3; triiodothyronine
fight or flight what releases in a tress situation ?
Epinephrine & neooephrine releases in stress situation
this hormone is ex/of onerialcorticoid
ldosterone
hormone released by pancreatic islets cell, increase glucoue in blood
glucagon
hormone released from adrenal cortex; increase blood glucouse; antiimflammaroty
glucocoricoid
Projection
Seeing one's unconscious urgings in another person's behavior (suspicion & paranoia)