Endocrine Pituitary Hypothalamus

Front 1

Name place these five hormonal factor in the order of their importance: thyroid hormone, FSH/LH, Insulin and IGFs, GH, Placental lactogens

Back 1

Name place these five hormonal factor in the order of their importance: Insulin and IGFs, thyroid hormone, Placental lactogens, FSH/LH, GH

Front 2

Name the three types of steroid hormones?

Back 2

Adrenal steroids, gonadal, vit D (B-ring steroids)

Front 3

Which is higher in concentration, steroid hormone and thyroid hormones or peptide hormones?

Back 3

steroid and thyroid hormone concentration is higher than peptide hormone

Front 4

What are the four major types of hormones?

Back 4

peptide, steroid, catacholamines, iodothyronamines

Front 5

T/F ectopic hormones secretion is under feedback control.

Back 5

FALSE

Front 6

Name the 6 hormones released by the anterior pituitary.

Back 6

Name the 6 hormones released by the anterior pituitary. FLAT-PiG: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, Prolactin, Growth hormone

Front 7

Name the 2 hormones released by the posterior pituitary.

Back 7

Name the 2 hormones released by the posterior pituitary. Oxytocin and ADH

Front 8

Match (anterior or posterior pituitary) came from Rathke's pouch (4th/5th ventricle) or neural crest:

Back 8

Rathke's pounc (4/5th pouch)= anterior pituitary… neural crest = posterior pituitary

Front 9

Which hypothalamus enzyme is 41 AA long?

Back 9

Which hypothalamus enzyme is 41 AA long? CRH

Front 10

Which hypothalamus enzyme is 3 AA long?

Back 10

Which hypothalamus enzyme is 3 AA long? TRH

Front 11

Which hypothalamus enzyme is 44 AA long?

Back 11

Which hypothalamus enzyme is 44 AA long? GHRH

Front 12

Which hypothalamus enzyme is 10 AA long?

Back 12

Which hypothalamus enzyme is 10 AA long? GnRH

Front 13

What quality (effect) do LPH and ß endorphins have

Back 13

opioid

Front 14

What do ACTH MSH and ßLPH have in common?

Back 14

CRH --> POMC

Front 15

What is the most common effect of hypothalamus hormones?

Back 15

Adenylate cycles --> increased cAMP

Front 16

What is the mechanism of action for TRH?

Back 16

it's converted (degraded) to --> TRH

Front 17

What do FSH, LH and TSH have in common?

Back 17

they are all glycoproteins

Front 18

Name four pituitary hormones that have a direct effect.

Back 18

Name four pituitary hormones that have a direct effect. GH, PRL, ß LPH, MSH

Front 19

Besides causing the release of TSH, what does TRH release?

Back 19

Besides causing the release of TSH, what does TRH release? GH and PRL

Front 20

Which two pituitary hormones are suppressed by somatostatin?

Back 20

Which two pituitary hormones are suppressed by somatostatin? GH and TSh

Front 21

You suspect a hypo-X-ism, but you're not sure if it's primary or secondary. What do you do and how do you interpret the results?

Back 21

You suspect a hypo-X-ism, but you're not sure if it's primary or secondary. What do you do and how do you interpret the results? Add XRH, after XRH -->(a) if it is primary: exaggereated rise in XSH… (b) if it's secondary (pituitary) there is no rise in XSH

Front 22

What effect will drugs like ∂methyldopa and reserpin have on Prolactin release?

Back 22

What effect will drugs like ∂methyldopa and reserpin have on Prolactin release? They deplete dopamine stores --> increased prolactin release

Front 23

Of these 6 ways to get an excess of hormone X, which is correct? Tumor at gland X causes secretion of X, (b) tumor at anterior pituitary decreases XSH, (c) hypothalamus oversecrete XRH, (d) Tumor mimics XSH or XRH, (e) Ig stimulates production of X, (f) excess steroid use.

Back 23

Of these 6 ways to get an excess of hormone X, which is correct? (a) Tumor at gland X causes secretion of X=TRUE (b) tumor at anterior pituitary decreases XSH=FALSE it should increase... (c) hypothalamus oversecrete XRH=TRUE... (d) Tumor mimics XSH or XRH=FALSE... tumor mimic XSH or hormone X... (e) Ig stimulates production of X=TRUE... (f) excess steroid use=TRUE

Front 24

You suspect that a person has is overproducing a hormone, but you're not sure of the cause… which two types of X-hyperfunction would produce a RISE in XSH? a)Tumor in the pituitary, b)tumor in the hypothalamus, c) ectopic tumor, d) immune stimulation mimicing XSH, e) exogetnous ingtestion of X, f) tumor in the the enodcrine gland

Back 24

You suspect that a person has is overproducing a hormone, but you're not sure of the cause… which two types of X-hyperfunction would produce a RISE in XSH? Tumor in the pituitary or in the hypothalamus

Front 25

You suspect that a person has is overproducing a hormone, but you're not sure of the cause… which two types of X-hyperfunction would produce a DECREASE XSH? a)Tumor in the pituitary, b)tumor in the hypothalamus, c) ectopic tumor, d) immune stimulation mimicing XSH, e) exogetnous ingtestion of X, f) tumor in the the enodcrine gland

Back 25

You suspect that a person has is overproducing a hormone, but you're not sure of the cause… which two types of X-hyperfunction would produce a DECREASE in XSH? c) ectopic tumor, d) immune stimulation mimicing XSH, e) exogetnous ingtestion of X, f) tumor in the the enodcrine gland

Front 26

Besides GH which 5other hormones are needed for normal development and growth?

Back 26

Besides GH what other hormones are needed for normal development and growth? Thyroid hormone, gonadal steroid hormones, cortisol, and insulin

Front 27

you have an interruption in portal cicualtaion due a tumor or trauma that puts pressure on the pituitary stalk? What may happen to the prolactin levels?

Back 27

you have an interruption in portal cicualtaion due a tumor or trauma that puts pressure on the pituitary stalk? What may happen to the prolactin levels? If dopamine is blocked --> hyperprolactinemia may occur

Front 28

What are two effects of Ghrelin?

Back 28

What are two effects of Ghrelin? Stimulate GH and apetite

Front 29

Name three things that inhibit GH.

Back 29

Name three things that inhibit GH. SS, Hyperglycemia and ß-agonists ( which means ß antagonists stimulate GH release)

Front 30

What effect dose uncontrolled diabetes and starvation have on GH?

Back 30

What effect dose uncontrolled diabetes and starvation have on GH? Stimulates GH

Front 31

You suspect a patient has acromegally (or gigantism), you apply the OGTT… two hours later there is no drop in their GH. What is your diagnosis?

Back 31

Positive for acromegally (or gigantism)

Front 32

What effect do dopamine blocker ( such as phenothiazines, buyrophenones, metoclopramide and domperidone) have have on prolactin?

Back 32

What effect do dopamine blocker ( such as phenothiazines, buyrophenones, metoclopramide and domperidone) have have on prolactin? --> hyperprolactinemia without dopamine to inhibit prolactin release

Front 33

What effect do decrease callories and decreased insulin have on IGF-1?

Back 33

What effect do decrease callories and decreased insulin have on IGF-1? Reduction(counter-intuitive)

Front 34

IGF1 fluctuates less than GH and both tend to decrease with the OGTT, why would is checking GH still the gold standard?

Back 34

IGF1 fluctuates less than GH and both tend to decrease with the OGTT, why would is checking GH still the gold standard? There is overlap for the people that are cured with acromegally, wherein it show a level that would be considered positive in the GH test. (page 57)

Front 35

What is the pathophyiology of Laron's syndrome, and why do they still have central obesity after treatment?

Back 35

What is the pathophyiology of Laron's syndrome, and why do they still have central obesity after treatment? Dysfunctional or absent GH receptors… Rx = IGF-1… plasma level rises --> increase in linear height... In periphery IGF-1 remains low --> central obesity

Front 36

which of these is a direct metabolic effect of GH: a) promotes protein synthesis, b) glycogen synthesis, c) decreases lipolysis, d) oposes insulin action (glucose uptake and utilization of glucose in muscle and adipose), e) promotes negative balance of nitrogen, f) decreases K+, g) increases phophate, h) stimulates ketogenesis, i) causes compensatory hypolasia and decreased secretion of by ß cells in pancreas, j) promotes hepatic glucose production

Back 36

which of these is a direct metabolic effect of GH: a) promotes protein synthesis, b) glycogen synthesis, c) decreases lipolysis (FALSE -increase), d) oposes insulin action (glucose uptake and utilization of glucose in muscle and adipose), e) promotes negative balance of nitrogen (FALSE - POSITIVE not negative), f) decreases K+(FALSE - INCREASES) g) increases phophate, h) stimulates ketogenesis, i) causes compensatory hypplasia and decreased secretion of by ß cells in pancreas (FALSE - HYPERPLASIA), j) promotes hepatic glucose production

Front 37

What effect can hypothyroidism have on prolactin release?

Back 37

What effect can hypothyroidism have on prolactin release? Hypothyroidism --> ↑ TRH --> ↑ prolactin

Front 38

Where is vision loss first experienced in pituitary adenomas (e.g., acromegaly)?

Back 38

outer and upper fields - bilateral

Front 39

Of the two types of GH deficiency, which would you be more concerned with giving GH-Rx? And which would you give IGF-1 instead of GH? (Lack of GH receptor, GH gene is deleted)

Back 39

Of the two types of GH deficiency, which would you be more concerned with giving GH-Rx? GH gene is deleted --> Ab-GH… And which would you give IGF-1 instead of GH? (lack of GH-®)

Front 40

which has a higher risk of hypopituitarism in the treatment of hyper GH secretion, surgery or radiotherapy?

Back 40

Radiotherapy = 100%

Front 41

What effedts does EXCESS E, exercise, emotional stress, pituitary tumor, and chest wall disease have on prolactin release?

Back 41

What effedts does EXCESS E, exercise, emotional stress, pituitary tumor, and chest wall disease have on prolactin release? --> prolactinemia

Front 42

which of the following are used for the Rx of hyper GH secretion? SS, dopamine agonists, rHGH, Ghrelin analogs, GH receptor antagonists,

Back 42

which of the following are used for the Rx of hyper GH secretion? SS, dopamine agonists, GH receptor antagonists,

Front 43

What are ghrelin and rhGH used for?

Back 43

What are ghrelin and rhGH used for? GH deficiency

Front 44

what effect do ↑ levels of E and P have on prolactin?

Back 44

what effect do ↑ levels of E and P have on prolactin? ↓ prolactin

Front 45

what effect do ↑ prolactin levels have on potency and libido?

Back 45

↑ prolactin --> ↓ potency and libido

Front 46

What effect does stress have on prolactin?

Back 46

increase

Front 47

Name 7 causes of hypopituitarism.

Back 47

Name 7 causes of hypopituitarism -pit tumors, para pit tumors, Trauma, radiotherapy, infiltrations (sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis), infections (TB, syphilis, mycoses), infarction (sheehan's)

Front 48

A woman has a difficult birth, she cannot produce milk, an MRI reveals an empty sella… what do you suspect?

Back 48

Sheehan's --> caused by low BP at birth

Front 49

What is the order of loss for LH, FSH, GH, TSH, and ACTH in hypopituitism?

Back 49

GH>LH>FSH>TSH>ACTH

Front 50

What can you give a person to chech their GH and ACTH secretion if you suspect hypopituitism?

Back 50

What can you give a person to chech their GH and ACTH secretion if you suspect hypopituitism? Insulin

Front 51

T/F histolgical appearance does NOT correlate with biological activity of pituitary function.

Back 51

T/F histolgical appearance does NOT correlate with biological activity of pituitary function. TRUE