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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where is adenenocorticotrpic hormone (ACTH) released from (what cells?)
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Corticotroph cells of Anterior pituitary
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Where (what cells) is thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) released from?
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Thyrotroph cells of anterior pituitary
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What cells in Growth Hormone released by?
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Somatotroph cells of anterior pituitary
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What cells is FSH released by?
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Gonadotroph cells of anterior pituitary
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What cells is FH released from/
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Gonadotroph cells of anterior pituitary
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What cells is Prolactin released from?
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lactotroph cells of anterior pituitary
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What is the role of Growth Hormone (GH)?
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Stimulates production of Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) by multiple somatic tissues.
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What is the role of thyroid stimulating hormone?
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Stimulates production of thyroid hormone by thyroid follicular cells.
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broadly speaking what does thyroid hormone do?
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Upregulate basal metabolism
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What are the targets (2) and action of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?
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Ovarian follicular cells - produce estrogen and progesterone
Sertoli cells - initiate spertmatogenesis |
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What is the target and function of LH in females and males?
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Females - acute rise in LH triggers ovulation and development of corpus luteum
Males - stimulates leydig cell production of testosterone |
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What is Sheehan syndrome?
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Hypopituitarism affecting the anterior pituitary caused by blood loss and hypovolemic shock during and after childbirth.
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Where is Oxytocin produced?
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Paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus
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From where is Oxytocin released?
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Posterior pituitary
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From where is vasopressin (ADH) released/
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Posterior pituitary
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What are the two principal effects of oxytocin?
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Uterine contractions, lactation ("let down" of milk)
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What are three effects of Vasopressin (ADH)?
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Stimulates water retention
Raises blood pressure by contracting arterioles Induce male aggression |
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Where is Cortisol produced?
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Zona fasciculata of adrenal gland
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What hormone stimulates the secretion of glucocorticoids?
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ACTH (adrenal corticotrophic hormone)
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What is the cause of Cushings disease?
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High levels of cortisol in the blood caused by taking glucocorticoid drugs or by tumors that produce cortisol or adrenocorticotropic hormone.
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What are classic symptoms of Cushing's syndrome?
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Weight gain particularly of trunk and face
Moon face |
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What is the ratio of T4:T3 into the blood?
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Roughly 20:1
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Which is more potent of the thyroid hormones, T4 or T3?
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T3
three to four times more potent than T4 |
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What mineral is important in production of Thyroid hormones?
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Iodine
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How do glucocorticoids cause their effects?
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By binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) which up-regulates expression of anti-inflammatory proteins in the nucleus and repressing the expression of pro-inflammatory proteins by preventing translocation of other transcription factors into the nucleus.
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How is the secretionb of hormones from the posterior pituitary contolled?
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Directly by neurons from the hypothalamus. The infundibulum carries the hormones of the posterior pituitary from nuclei in the hypothalamus.
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Where is ADH produced?
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Supraoptic nuclei of hypothalamus
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How is release of hormones from the anterior pituitary controlled?
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By inhibiting and releasing factors secreted by the hypothalamus. These are released into a primary capillary plexus and travel via portal veins to a secondary capillary plexus where they stimulate the glandular tissue of the anterior pituitary to release its hormones.
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