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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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which hormones use cAMP signaling pathway?
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FLAT CHAMP: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, CRH, hCG, ADH, MSH, PTH
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which hormones use the cGMP pathway?
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NO, ANP
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which hormones use the IP3 signaling pathway?
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GOAT: GnRH, oxytocin, ADH, TRH
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which hormones use the cystolic steroid signaling pathway?
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VET CAP: VitD, estrogen, testosterone, cortisol, aldosterone, progestone
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which hormones use the nuclear steroid signaling pathway?
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T3/T4
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Which hormones use the intrinsic tyrosine kinase pathway (MAP kinase)
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insulin, IGF-1, FGF, PDGF
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which hormones use the receptor associated tyrosine kinase pathway (JAK STAT)
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GH, prolactin
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how is testosterone carried in the blood?
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sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)
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what hormones does the posterior pituitary make?
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ADH, oxytocin
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what is posterior pituitary derived from?
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neuroectoderm
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what carries ADH and oxytocin from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary?
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neurophysins
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what hormones does the anterior pituitary make?
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FLAT PiG: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, Prolactin, GH, melanotropin
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what is the anterior pituitary derived from?
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oral ectoderm
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which hormones do the acidophils make?
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GH, prolactin
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what hormones do the basophils make?
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B-FLAT: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH
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which hormone subunit is shared by TSH, LH, FSH, hCG?
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alpha
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which hormone subunit determines hormone specificity?
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beta
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role of TRH
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(+) TSH, prolactin
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role of dopamine
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(-) prolactin
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role of CRH
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(+) ACTH
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role of GHRH
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(+) GH
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role of somatostatin
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(-) GH, TSH
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role of GnRH
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(+) FSH, LH
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role of prolactin
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(-) GnRH
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what inhibits prolactin secretion?
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dopamine
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what increases prolactin secretion?
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TRH
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where is prolactin made?
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arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus
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how does prolactin inhibit its own secretion?
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by increasing dopamine synthesis + secretion
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what dopamine agonist is used to treat prolactinemia
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bromocriptine
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what dopamine agonists can stimulate prolactin secretion?
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anti psychotics
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prolactin inhibits what reproductive functions?
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spermatogenesis, ovluation
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zona glomerulosa produces?
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aldosterone
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zona fasciulata produces?
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cortisol
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zona reticularis produces?
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sex hormones
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origin of chromaffin cells?
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neural crest derivatives
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most common adrenal tumor in adults
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pheochromocytoma
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most common adrenal tumor in children
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neuroblastoma (no HTN)
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left adrenal vein drains to?
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left renal v. --> IVC
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alpha cells of islets are located where?
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periphery
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insulin is made in response to what?
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glucose --> ATP --> close K channels --> Ca2+ enter
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what organs don't need insulin for glucose uptake?
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BRICK L: brain, RBCs, intestine, cornea, kidney, liver
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where to find GLUT1?
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brain, RBC
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where to find GLUT2>
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beta cells, liver, kidney, SI
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where to find GLUT4?
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adipose, skeletal muscle
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what are 2 insulin dependent organs?
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skeletal muscle, adipose
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how does cortisol maintain BP?
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permissive effect w/ epinephrine: upregulates α1 receptors on arterioles
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how does cortisol affect blood sugar?
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increase gluconeogenesis
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what cells make PTH?
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chief cells
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what are 4 causes of decreased Mg2+
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diarrhea, aminoglycosides, diuretics, alcohol
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example of when TBG decreases?
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hepatic failure
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example of when TBG increases?
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pregnancy
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what enzyme responsible for oxidation + organification of iodide + coupling of MIT/DIT?
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peroxidase
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precursor of ACTH?
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POMC
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what cells secrete somatostatin?
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D cells of pancreas + gut mucosa
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actions of somatostatin
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decrease endocrine/exocrine secretions, splanchnic blood flow, Gi motility, GB contractions, most GI hormones
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