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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do you know whether a mouse is sufficiently anesthetized?
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If it does not react to a foot pinch
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Why does too much insulin lead to shock?
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Insulin dependent tissues, like muscle, would pull too much glucose out of the blood, leaving too little for the brain which depends on glucose.
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Comparative Medicine provided a digital scale. A container was on the scale, and the scale was tared (set to read zero with the container on the scale). What property of this scale made it especially well-suited to weighing the mice?
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stayed stable despite movement
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Why do you draw back on the syringe before injecting IP?
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if you get fluid or blood, you are in an internal organ, not ip
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The endocrine system uses/does not use ducts to secrete hormones.
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Does not
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Alpha cells in the pancreas secrete which peptide hormone?
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Glucagon
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Beta cells in the pancreas secrete which peptide hormone?
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Insulin
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What type of receptor does insulin bind to thus initiating a signal trandsduction
cascade that allows insulin to affect the cell? |
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK)
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What does a kinase do?
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Phosphorylate
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Which glucose transporter does muscle tissue use to transport glucose into the cell?
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GLUT-4
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Which glucose transporter does the liver utilize to uptake glucose?
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GLUT-2
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. If the blood sugar level of an animal is 150 mg/dl, will the addition of glucagon make
next reading closer to 100 mg/dl or 200 mg/dl? |
Closer to 200mg/dl
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When there are high/low levels of glucose, glucagon is released.
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Low
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We gave the injection of hormones and sedatives in the gut of the mouse, what is the
official name of this type of injection? (abbreviation or name will do). |
I.P. or intraperitoneal.
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What are the clusters of endocrine tissue in the pancreas collectively referred to as?
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The islet of Langerhans.
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In the fed state, name 2 types of biological molecules that are stored.
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Sugars, fats, proteins.
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What are the units of the blood plasma readings on the glucose meter?
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mg/dl of plasma
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Is glucose transport in the brain insulin dependent?
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No
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Where does your body get sugar from when you are in the fasting state (what is broken down?)
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Stored Glycogen.
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What do we mean when we say that the pancreas is mostly an exocrine gland?
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in addition to endocrine function, it has a duct to the small intsetine for digestive enzyme (precursors)
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The insulin that is released in the fed state favors the formation of what polymer in muscle?
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glycogen
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How would an overdose of insulin affect uptake of glucose into cells in the brain?
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b/c there is less blood glucose, glucose uptake would be reduced
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You just came down with diabetes but you don't know it yet. In the "pee" lab, the urinalysis strip is positive for glucose in your urine. Does your kidney still retrieve glucose that is filtered out of the body?
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yes, but its transport capability is saturated
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How is it that liver cell membranes become more permeable to glucose uptake in the fed state?
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insulin mediates deployment of glucose transporter molecules to the membrane
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We get a reading of 150 on the glucose meter. What are the units?
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mg/dl
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We inject "IP." Where does the injection fluid go?
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into the intraperitoneal cavity
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How do you figure out how much anesthetic to give your mouse?
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on the basis of weight
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A diabetic and a non-diabetic each take a walk in shoes that start giving them blisters in 5 min. When each of them finish the walk, the diabeticπs sores are worse. Why?
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Diabetic patients exhibit neuropathy. Thus, they do not feel the wound, so it gets worse.
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A diabetic and a non-diabetic each take a walk in shoes that are too tight and finish with sores that are identical. Why are the diabeticπs sores worse a week or two later?
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Delayed infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages due to decreased signals
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What type of injection was used to anesthetize the mice?
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An intraperitoneal (IP) injection
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Why are you supposed to throw out the needle into sharps without putting it back into the needle cover?
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It is possible to stick yourself with the needle
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Based on the lecture given by Dr. Shornick, why were splints used to test for wound healing in both the normal and diabetic mice?
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Mouse skin heals by contracting together to seal a wound. Thus, the splints were needed to prevent contraction and to mimic the healing as it would progress on human skin.
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For a mouse weighing 34 grams, what would be the appropriate initial dosage of the Ketamine and Acepromazine anesthesia we used in lab?
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The recommended dosage is 0.1 mL/ 10 g body weight. Thus, 0.34 mL of anesthesia should be given to 34 gram mouse.
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When we say we are injecting "IP," what is IP?
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intraperitoneal
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In our lab, we injected insulin. Normally, insulin is supplied from what specific cell type in what specific organ?
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beta cells of islets of Langerhans in Pancreas
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During fasting, what becomes of glycogen in the liver?
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broken to glucose and released to blood for body use
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Why do you need to weigh your mouse?
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to calculate anesthetic
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Why would you go into shock if too much insulin were injected into you?
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no glucose left for brain after tissues take it up
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What hormone does the pancreas release during fasting?
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glucagon
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What do we call the reaction in which water contributes to the splitting of glycogen into glucose molecules?
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hydrolysis
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How is glucose transported on the luminal membrane of the proximal convoluted tubule?
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via a sodium/glucose cotransporter
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What is the mechanism by which ADH facilitates water resorption?
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more aquaporin water transporters channels are deployed
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