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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Insulin lispro
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short acting insulin and used to cover meal carbs
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Regular Humulin R
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short acting insulin and used to cover meal carbs
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Humulin NPH
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longer acting insulin that is used to cover more basal level of insulin
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Insulin Glargine
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longer acting insulin that is used to cover more basal level of insulin
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Metformin
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is a Biguanide drug; exact mechanism unknown but we know that it decreases insulin resistance (ineffective in the absence of insulin)
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Metformin adverse effects
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diarrhea, nausea, anorexia; metallic taste, lactic acidosis (rare)
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Metformin contraindications
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renal disease, hepatic disease or alcohol abuse, history of lactic acidosis, decreased tissue perfusion or hemodynamic instability
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Pioglitazone
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Thiazolidinedione; more GLUT 4, more glucose going out of blood and into the cell
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Rosiglitazone
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Thiazolidinedione; more GLUT 4, more glucose going out of blood and into the cell
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PPAR gamma with Thiazolidinediones
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peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; this increases gene transcription (intracellular receptor); more GLUT 4, more glucose going out of blood and into the cell
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Adverse effects of the Thiazolidinediones
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fluid retention (contraindicated in NYHA Class III and IV heart failure), WEIGHT GAIN, and increased fracture risk (in women only); also anemia and hepatotoxicity; Rosiglitazone: data suggesting an increased risk of cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction and stroke (restricted use)
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Glimepiride
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Sulfonylurea drug
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Glipizide
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Sulfonylurea drug
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Glyburide
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Sulfonylurea drug
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Sulfonylurea drug
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work by binding to the K channel on pancreatic beta cells thus depolarizing the cell stimulating the voltage-gated calcium channels, increasing calcium thus stimulating insulin secretion (increase the amount of insulin secreted with each pulse, doesn’t increase frequency of pulses)(no effect on basal insulin secretion)
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Adverse effects of Sulfonylurea drugs
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hypoglycemia, weight gain, nausea, vomiting, allergic skin reactions, cholestatic jaundice, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, hyponatremia and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
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Repaglinide
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Meglitinide Drug
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Nateglinide
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Meglitinide Drug
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Meglitinide Drugs
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binds to a different site on the K channel than the sulfonylurea; inhibits the ATP-sensitive K channels in the same manner as the sulfonylureas
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Exenatide
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GLP-1 agonists aka Incretin mimetics
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Liraglutide
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GLP-1 agonists aka Incretin mimetics
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Adverse effects of GLP-1 agonists aka Incretin mimetics
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hypoglycemia, pruritus, uticaria, rash, and acute pancreatitis
-with Liraglutide have risk of thyroid cancer |
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Sitagliptin
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DPP-IV inhibitors
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Saxagliptin
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DPP-IV inhibitors
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Pramlintide
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Amylin mimetic; probably want to decrease insulin dose when adding because it could cause hypoglycemia
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Acarbose
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Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors
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Miglitol
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Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors
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Lutropin
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recombinant human LH
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Follitropin
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recombinant human FSH
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Choriogonadotropin
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recombinant human hCG
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Gonadorelin
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(natural GnRH) - no longer used for induction of ovulation; sometimes used diagnostically
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Leuprolide
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long acting GnRH analogs
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Nafareline
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long acting GnRH analogs
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Ganirelix
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GnRH antagonist; Used to inhibit premature LH surges prior to harvesting eggs for in vitro fertilization
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Abarelix
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GnRH receptor antagonist; used to treat advanced prostate cancer
-danger of life-threatening allergic reactions in 4% of patients |
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Degarelix:
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GnRH receptor antagonist; used to treat advanced prostate cancer
-danger of life-threatening allergic reactions in 4% of patients |
