Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the 3 cell types of the Islets of Langerhans (endocrine pancreas) and what do they secrete?
|
1) Alpha cells- secrete glucagon
2) Beta cells- secrete insulin 3) Delta cells- secrete somatostatin (inhibits glucagon and insulin secretion) |
|
|
What is the function of insulin?
|
Hormone that decreases glucose by increasing uptake of blood glucose, promoting liver glycogen formation
-Not required for glucose uptake by some tissues |
|
|
When is insulin released?
|
Released in response to hyperglycemia
|
|
|
What is the function of glucagon?
|
Hormone that increases blood glucose by stimulating hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
|
|
|
What is the most important laboratory assessment of the endocrine pancreas?
|
Glucose
|
|
|
Transient physiologic hyperglycemia is common in ____ and _____.
|
Cats and horses
|
|
|
What is persistent fasting hyperglycemia associated with? Persistent hypoglycemia?
|
Hyperglycemia: diabetes mellitus
Hypoglycemia: insulinoma |
|
|
How can you determine if hyperglycemia in a cat or horse is transient physiologic hyperglycemia or persistent hyperglycemia?
|
Measuring fructosamine (average over 2-3 weeks)
Measuring Glycated hemoglobin (2-3 months) |
|
|
When is insulin usually measured?
|
When suspect an insulinoma
|
|
|
When are serial glucose curves measured?
|
To monitor patients and adjust insulin therapy
|
|
|
What 2 domestic animals is diabetes mellitus most commonly seen in?
|
Dogs & cats
|
|
|
What are the 2 types of diabetes mellitus?
|
Insulin dependent (dogs)
Insulin resistant (cats) |
|
|
What causes insulin dependent diabetes mellitus?
|
Beta cells are destroyed
-Possibly by immune-mediated mechanisms |
|
|
What are the insulin levels in a cat with insulin resistant diabetes mellitus?
|
Normal to high
|
|
|
Most cats with insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus have _______ in their pancreas.
|
Amyloid deposits
|
|
|
What are 2 possible causes of insulin resistance (other than maybe amyloid deposits in pancreas)?
|
1) Glucocorticoids
2) Increased progesterone, growth hormone, occasionally neoplasia |
|
|
What are 5 typical abnormalities seen on a CBC and biochem of an animal with diabetes mellitus?
|
1) Increased ALT, alk phos
2) Hypercholesterolemia 3) Hyperglycemia 4) Glucosuria 5) +/- titrational metabolic acidosis, ketosis, ketonuria |
|
|
How do you monitor a patient's response to insulin therapy?
|
Serial glucose curves
|
|
|
How often is blood glucose checked for serial glucose curves? For how long?
|
Every 2 hours for 12-24 horus
|
|
|
Ideally the serial glucose curves shouldn't go any lower than_____ mg/dL.
|
80-150 mg/dL
|
|
|
The serial glucose curve can detect the Somogyi effect, what's that?
|
Rebound hyperglycemia following an insulin injection
|
|
|
What are insulinomas?
|
Tumors of beta cells ---> excessive insulin secretion--> hypoglycemia
|
|
|
How do you test for an insulinoma?
|
Measure serum insulin and glucose at the same time
-Common in ferrets |
