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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three major classes of hormones?
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Peptide hormones, tyrosine (amino acid) derivatives, and steroid hormones
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Where are peptide hormones and tyrosine derivatives synthesized, modified, and stored?
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synthesized in Rough ER
modified in Golgi stored in vesicles |
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Where are steroid hormones synthesized and stored?
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synthesized in Smooth ER and Mitochondria
NOT stored, they are released into the blood stream (bound to albumin) as soon as they are made |
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Which hormones are hydrophobic?
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steroid hormones are hydrophobic and thus may diffuse across membranes
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Which hormones are hydrophillic?
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Peptide hormones and amino acid derivatives-must bind to a cell receptor on the surface of the cell and act through secondary messenger system
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What is the distinction between peptide hormones and amino acid (tyrosine) derivatives?
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amino acid derivatives are created from individual amino acids (tyrosine) and contain no peptide bonds
peptide hormones are created from chains of amino acids |
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Why are the effects of peptide and aa hormones rapid?
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they can't diffuse through cell membrane so bind to receptor which activates second messanger cAMP. A key implication of the 2nd messenger is signal amplification and modification of many EXISTING enzymes in the cytoplasm. takes minutes to hours and las brief time
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Why are the effects of steroid hormones relatively slow?
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steroid hormones bind to ligands, diffuse through cell membrane and into the nucleus. In the nucleus it acts as a regulator of TRANSCRIPTION-changing amount and type of proteins in the cell-takes days, last weeks
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What are the 7,(8)major endocrine hormone sources, top down?
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(Hypothalamus), Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, GI hormones, Adrenals, Pancreas, and Gonads (ovary females, testis (males)
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