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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Neuroblastoma
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1. Small Round Blue Cell tumor with neuropil
a. Homer-Wright pseudorosettes 2. Most common extra-cranial solid tumor of childhood 3. Located in SNS a. Usually adrenal medulla b. Retroperitoneal ganglion 4. Abdominal mass and rash a. Pushes liver 5. Neural crest cells 6. NMYC gene amplification 7. Catecholamines without HTN |
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Anterior Pituitary Adenoma
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1. Monoclonality
2. Salt-and-Pepper nuclei 3. Prolactinoma most common 4. Mass effect 5. Hormone secretion |
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Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
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1. Female predominance
2. Hyper > Hypo 3. Hurthle cells 4. Diffuse thyroid enlargement 5. Lymphocytes a. Germinal centers b. Look like a lymph node grossly c. Lymphocytic infiltrate d. Lymphoma risk |
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Multinodular Goiter
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1. Large follicles + flattened epithelium among normal areas
2. Cause = impaired TH > increased TSH > hypertrophy 3. Euthyroid 4. Can lead to cancer 5. Types a. Endemic (iodine deficiency) b. Sporadic (young females) |
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Graves Disease
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1. Papillary enlarged epithelium
2. Scalloping 3. Activating TSH antibodies 4. Most common Hyperthyroidism 5. Exophthalmos a. Lymphocytic infiltration b. Excess ECM |
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Papillary Thyroid Cancer
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1. Papillary enlarged epithelium with Orphan Annie Eye nuclei
2. Psammoma body 3. Most common thyroid cancer 4. Radiation (think Chernobyl) 5. Non-functioning tumor |
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Follicular Adenoma
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1. Fibrous capsule around area of follicles
2. Compresses normal tissue 3. Solitary 4. Nonfunctioning (usually – can cause hyperthyroidism if functioning) 5. Low malignancy risk a. Follicular carcinoma = penetrates capsule |
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Parathyroid Adenoma
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1. Hypercellular with less adipose
2. Usually solitary 3. Most common cause of Hyperparathyroidism 4. Hypercalcemia a. Kidney stones b. Bony lesions c. Pancreatitis 5. MEN1 association a. Pituitary b. Parathyroid c. Pancreas |
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T1DM
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1. Lymphocytic infiltrate in padncreatic islets
2. Viral inefction relation 3. B-cell destruction 4. Decreased insulin 5. Hyperglycemia a. Polydipsia b. Polyuria c. Polyphagia |
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Pancreatic Amyloid
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1. Eosinophilic deposition
2. Islet amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP) 3. Secreted with insulin 4. Congo red stain > apple green birefringence 5. T2DM association |
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Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome
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1. Adrenal cortical hemorrhage and necrosis
2. Bilateral and diffuse 3. Caused by septic shock 4. Neisseria meningitidis association a. Stiff neck b. Fever c. Headache 5. Superficial thombosis > skin necrosis/hemorrhage |
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Adrenal Cortical Hyperplasia
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1. Diffuse cortical hypertrophy
2. Increased cellularity 3. Usually caused by increased ACTH a. Most common = Pituitary adenoma b. Ectopic secretion (SCLC) c. Primary gland dysfunction 4. Grossly yellow cortex from lipids 5. Cushing Syndrome a. HTN b. Truncal obesity c. Moon facies d. Buffalo hump e. Hirsutism f. Hyperglycemia g. Striae h. Osteoporosis i. Menstrual abnormalities |
