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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) |
Function: Stimulate the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone, cortisol, and sex hormones (before puberty). |
Hyposecretion: Low levels of adrenal cortex hormones Hypersecretion: High levels of adrenal cortex hormones |
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Follicle Stimulating Hormine |
Function: Female-stimulate the development of a follicle into a mature egg (ova)
Male-stimulate sperm production (spermatogenesis) |
Hypo: No egg/sperm production Hyper: Multiple follicle development (female). High sperm count (male) |
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Luteinizing Hormone (LH) |
Function: Female- (1) stimulates ovulation; (2) stimulates development of remaining follicle after ovulation into the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone. Male- stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to produce testosterone. |
Hypo: no ovulation, and thus low progesterone (female) low testosterone (male) |
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Human Growth Hormone (HGH) |
Function: Cell devision, bone/muscle growth, metabolic breakdown of fats. |
Hypo: dwarfism Hyper: Children- gigantism Adults- acromegaly (disorder): does not increase height, but widens face, hands, and rib cage |
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Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH) |
Function: Stimulate melanocytes to produce melanin (skin pigment) |
Hypo: low melanin, lacking pigment Hyper: high melanin, dark pigment |
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Prolactin (PRL) |
Function: stimulates the production of breast milk |
Hypo: little or no milk produced Hyper: excessive milk production |
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Thyroid Stimlulating Hormone (TSH) |
Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxin |
Hypo: low thyroxin Hyper: high thyroxin |
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Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) |
Manages water balance in the body; released during bouts of dehydrayion. Causes the kidneys to increase water reabsorption from urine into blood (thus, less urine output) |
Hypo: diabetes insipidus, inadequate water retention resulting in excess urine production. Hyper: excessive water retention resulting in bloating and little urine output. |
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Oxytocin (OCT) |
Stimulates contraction of uterine muscles during labor Stimulates the release of milk from mammary glands (prolactin produces milk, oxytocin causes it's release) |
Hypo: (1) delayed/difficult labor (2) difficulty nursing Hyper: excessive milk release |
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Calcitonin |
Lowers blood calcium levels by increasing movement of calcium from blood to bones. |
Hypo: high blood calcium levels Hyper: low blood calcium levels |
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Thyroxin |
Manages the body's metabolism by: (1) increasing the rate that the body metabolizes fats, proteins, and carbs for energy by speeding up cellular respiration; (2) increasing glucose usage and oxygen consumption |
Hyposecretion: kids- cretenism (disorder): stockiness, shortness, and mental development delays. Adults- myxedema(disorder): tiredness, puffy skin, weight gain, hair loss Hypersectetion: GRAVES DISEASE- anxiety, insomnia, irregular heartbeat, and protruding eyes. Weight loss |
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Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) |
Increases blood calcium levels by: (1) increasing the release of calcium from bones into the blood; (2) increasing the reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys and the small intestine. |
Hypo: low blood calcium Hyper: high blood calcium |
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Aldosterone |
Raises blood pressure by increasing the reabsorption of sodium (Na+) from urine into the blood. Because Na+ is dissolved in water, the increase Na+ level results in an increase in water retention, thus raising blood volume (and therefore pressure). This increased water retention will decrease urine output. |
Hypo: low Na+ levels, low blood pressure Hyper: high Na+ level, high bloos pressure |
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Cortisol |
Long-term stress hormone Manages long term stress by increasing blood glucose levels. This increase in blood glucose creates more fuel for cellular respiration to meet the energy demands of the increased stress. This increase in blood glucose is achieved by breaking down proteins into amino acids, fats into fatty acids, and increasing the rate of cellular respiration. |
Hypo: low glucose level Hyper: high glucose levels (weight loss) |
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Adrenalin (aka epinephrine) |
Short term stress hormone that prepares the body for fight or flight. Increases heart rate, blood volume, blood pressure, glucose levels. |
Hypo: inadequate response to stress Hyper: over reaction to stress |
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Noradrenalin (aka norepinephrine) |
Same function as adrenalin, but seems to be released during stress like colds or bacterial infections |
Hypo: inadequate response to stress Hyper: over-response to stress |
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Glucagon |
Increases blood glucose levels by stimulating the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver and muscles |
Hyposecretion: low glucose levels Hypersecretion: high glucose levels |
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Insulin |
Decreasing blood glucose by: (1) increasing the permeability of cells to glucose; (2) increasing the conversion of glucose to glycogen; (3) increasing the cell metabolism of glucose |
Hypo: type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (hyperglycemia) - high blood sugar Hyper: low blood glucose |
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Estrogen |
Development of secondary sex characteristic in females Stimulates the development of the endometrium (uterine lining) Provides positive feedback to the pituitary in order to release LH, which triggers ovulation on the 14th day of the menstrual cycle. |
Hypo: underdevelopment of female secondary sex characteristics and endometrium. Hyper: generally no effect |
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Progesterone |
Maintains the endometrium by inhibiting uterine contractions Inhibits ovulation using negative feedback |
Hypo: early menstruation Hyper: no menstruation. |
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Testosterone |
Stimulates developmemt of male secondary sex characteristics. Increases sex drive. |
Hypo: lack of secondary sex characteristica Hyper: increased sex drive |
