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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cells of an exocrine gland are organized into
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small round groups of cells called acini
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in endocrine orans secretions are released into
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capillary bed
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the pituitary gland sits in the
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turkish saddle, sella tucica above the sphenoid sinus, below the optic chiasm and hypothalamus betwee the cavernous sinus
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what's in the cavernous sinuses
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carotid artery, veins, 3rd 4th and 6th nerves
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what separates the cavernous sinuses from the pituitary gland
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dura mater
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what vessels supply the pituitary
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superior and inferior hypophyseal, normally stripped away
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type of nerve fibers in posterior pitutiary
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unmyelinated
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what supplies the median eminence
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superior hyophsyeal artery
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what drains th emediane emincee
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the hypophseal veins
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where are the sinusoids in th epituitary
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pars tuberalis and pars distalis
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the sinusoids in the pars tuberalis represent
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the distal ends of the hypophyseal veins that penetrate the pars tuberalis
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acidophils produce
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gh and prolactin
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basophils produce
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tsh, fsh, acth, lh
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when a chromphil goes to a chromophobe due to inactivation, what happens
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lysosome degrade the organellse involved in sythesis and exocytosis of hormone
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how to tell an inactive from an active chromophobe
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active are lightly stained with prominent nuclei
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anything under what level won't be seen as a granule on LM
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200nm
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140nm
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thyrotropes
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600nm
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mammotrophs acidophil, during lactation
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300-350nm
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somatotroph GH acidophil
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200-400nm
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gonadotroph basophil
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200-250
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corticotroph POMC
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LPH
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beta lipotrophic hormone from corticotroph (also produces acth
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% gonadotroph's
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10% throughout
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% mammamotrophs
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15-20% lateral wings
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% somatotrophs
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50% lateral wings
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%corticotroph's
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15-20% central an dposterior + pars nitermedia +border of pars nervosa
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% thyrotorph
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5% anterior and medial
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throughotu
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gonadotrophs
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lateral wings
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mammotrophs and somatotrophs and gonadotrophs
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central and posterior
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corticotroph and gonadotroph
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pars intermedia
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corticotroph and gonadotroph
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border of pars nervosa
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corticotroph and gonado troph
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anterior and medial
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thrytroph and gonadotroph
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hherring bodyies contain
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neurosecretory granules
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a fibers contain
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granules of varying electron density
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b fivers contain
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very electron dense matrix
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size of fibers in hypothalamohypphyseal tract
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.5-1micrometer
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are neurosecretory granules only in dilated regions?
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no also in non-dilated regions
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small synaptic vesicle like structures throughotu the pituicye represent
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cell membrane after exocytosis of the neurosecretory hormone material
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GAF
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glial fibrillary acidic protein… stains pituicytes and astrocytes
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in the neurohypphysis what contacts the blood vessels and envelope the nerve fibers of th etract?
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processes of the pituicytes
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what's between the pituicyte processes?
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junctions desmosomes and gap juctions
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openings of th eendothelium that lies sinusoids of pars nervosa are how big
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30-50nm
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bbb in pars nervosa
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no there's no tight junctions
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what's released from herring bodies
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adh/vasopressin and oxytocin
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does narrowing of channels control th elfow of hromoen
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maybe
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nerve cells release hormone into where?
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extracellular gap between pituicyte processes
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excess hormone is removed by
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pituicytes by phagocytosis
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thryoid
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follicles are lined by
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simple epithelium
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what surrounds the thyroid
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connective tissue capsule
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septa
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divide thyroid into lobules
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within the connective tissue of the thyroid are
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lymphatic vessels, parasympathetic nerves, blood vessels
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columnar follicular cells
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normal
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flat follicular cells
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supression
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enlarged follicles
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supression
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small folicles
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normal
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is it possible to determine functional status of thyroid from morphology?
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no says
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thryoglobulin is pas pos or neg
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pos
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staining of the colloid is due to
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degree of fixation and concentraiton not activity
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a parafollicular cell can reside
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on the basement membrane of the follicle, but it never touches the colloid
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between the follicles are
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basal lamina, collagen fibers, fibroblast and capillaries
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the existence of rer, transport vesicel, golgi near the lumen
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are suggestive of asecretion pathway
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capillaries in thyroid are
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fenestrated covered by diaphrams
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apex of parafollicular cells is
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covered by cytoplasm of adjacent chief cells
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what other organ stores hormone elsewhere
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nothing
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sythesis of the hormone outside the cell
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unusual
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chief cell of parathyroid contains
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lipfuscin, fat, glycogen, golgi, rer and af ew secretion granules
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how many types of chief cells in parathyroid
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2… won't see them
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the two superior parathryoid glands lie at
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the level of the cricoid cartilage
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the inferior parathyroid glands lie nerar
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the end of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland
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parathyroid gland have a capsule?
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yes
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stroma of parathyroid
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connective tissue cells and fibers will not catch the eye
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septa in the parathryoid
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they originate from the capsule and carry blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics
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parathyroid chief cells look like
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lymphocytes
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parathyroid originally contains
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only chief cells
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fatty tissue in parathyroid
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can be up to 30% up to age of 25
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action of parathyroid controlled by
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levels of calcium in the blood
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do endocrine organs posess ducts
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no
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where do endocrine organs secrete
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directly into vascular system
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endothelium of endocrine blood supply
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fenestrated except in testis where it's non-fenestrated
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what happens to concetnration of hormoens after secretion?
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low
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steroid secreting cells arise from
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embryologically from mesoderm
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do steroid secreting cells have abundand smooth er?
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yes
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large and extensively developed cristae in mitochondria
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steroid secreting cells
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why lipid droplets in steroid secreting cells?
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free cholesterol and cholesterol esters
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lining of lipid droplets
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none
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do steroid secreting cells have stored hormone?
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no
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cords aranged in ball shape
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zg
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few lipid droplets
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zg and zr
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shelf like mitchondrial christate
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zg
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tubular vesicular mitochondrial christae
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zf an zr
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abundant lipid droplets
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zf spongiocytes
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branching sturcure
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zr
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straight cords
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zf
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smooth er
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in zg zf, zr
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mineralocorticoids
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zona glomerulsoa
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glucocorticoids
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zona fasciculata and reticularis
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cortisol
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and sex steroids zona reticularis
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hypophysectomy causes
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involution of inner zones of zona fasciculata
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low blood sodium
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increases cell width in zona glomerulosa
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cortex of adrenal glands
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from coelomic mesoderm
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fetal cortex
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occupies 80% of inner gland, while permanent cortex takes up 20% of outer gland
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cortex cells arise
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peripherally near sub glomerulos and move inward
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JGA
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modified myopeithelal cell in wall of afferent arteriole to glomerulous and few also in efferent arteriole, granular cells tha
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cyto plasmic granules stain with PAS or bowie's ethyl violet
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JGA myopethileial cells
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secretes renin
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JGA myopethileial cells
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macula densa
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distinct region of thick ascending limb of the loop of henle
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components of jga
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afferent and efferent arteriole; macula densa, extraglomerular mesangium; jg cells
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stimulates aldosterone secretion
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renin
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