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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 2 primary functions of the ovaries?
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Oogenesis and steroidogenesis.
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What are the 5 stages of follicle development?
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1.Primordial
2.Primary 3.Secondary 4.Tertiary 5.Graffian |
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Describe a primary follicle.
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The ovum is surrounded by a single layer of granulosa cells.
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Describe a secondary follicle.
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The ovum is surrounded by multiple layers of granulosa cells, the theca interna has formed.
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Describe the tertiary follicle
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The antrum appears, the theca externa develops.
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Describe the Graffian follicle.
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A fluid-filled antrum is present.
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What are atretic follicles?
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Those that began to develop, failed to ovulate, and have begun to degenerate.
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Which hormone dominates the follicular or proliferative phase?
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Estrogen
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What happens in the follicular phase to the follicles, the endometrium, and the cervix?
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*the follicles grow and mature
*endometrium proliferates *cervix secretes an elastic mucus that can facilitate the entry of sperm |
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On what days of the cycle is ovulation most likely to occur?
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Days 14 and 15.
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Which hormone dominates the luteal or secretory phase?
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Progesterone
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What happens to the endometrium during the secretory phase?
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It develops coiled secretory glands and increased vascularization under the influence of progesterone.
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What happens to the follicle during the luteal/secretory phase?
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It turns into the corpus luteum and begins to produce progesterone and estrogen.
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Name 2 systemic effects (i.e. outside of the repro system) of the rise of progesterone during the secretory phase.
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1.A rise in basal temp
2.A decrease in release of LH from the ant. pituitary |
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Describe the sequence of events that occurs if pregnancy does not take place.
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Poor LH and FSH stimulation of the corpus luteum allow it to degenerate. This decreases the level of estrogen and progesterone, causing the endometrium to be shed.
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Which hormones stimulate the transition from primordial to primary follicle.
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None - this occurs w/o hormone action.
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How long does the transition from primary to secondary follicle take, and what hormone does it depend on?
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2-3 weeks; it depends on the surge in LH that occurs at ovulation of the previous follicle.
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When does the transition from secondary to tertiary and then Graffian follicle take place?
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During the follicular phase from day 5 to day 14.
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What kind of receptors do theca cells express? Granulosa cells? What stimulates this?
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Theca: LH receptors
Granulosa: FSH receptors This is heavily influenced by IGF-1 produced in the ovary |
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Theca cells produce TST. What stimulates this? What happens to the TST?
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LH stimulates TST production. TST passes to the granulosa cells where (under FSH stimulation) it is converted to estrogens.
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What non-androgen hormone do the graulosa cells produce? What is its fxn?
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Inhibin - it inhibits the release of FSH from the anterior pituitary.
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LH stimulation causes the granulosa cells to produce a hormone during the late follicular phase - what is it?
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Progesterone.
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What are the effects of estrogen on the anterior pituitary?
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It creates a positive feedback loop that generates the pre-ovulatory surge in LH and FSH.
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How does OC work?
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It contains synthetic progesterone and estrogen which exert negative feedback on the anterior pituitary and prevent the release of LH and FSH, thus preventing ovulation.
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