Endocrine Drugs

Front 1

Class: Antidiuretic hormone-ADH (Promotes reabsorption of water; vasopressor effect d/t constriction of smooth muscle; increases aggregation of platelets)
-Is a pituitary hormone for replacement therapy for pt with diabetes insipidus; also for use in hemophilia A, von Willebrand's disease type 1
Affects: Pituitary gland

Back 1

Vasopressin tannate(Pitressin)

Front 2

Class: thyroid hormone
*Chemically pure form of T4 & preferred therapy for hypothythroidism. Given IV for myxedema coma.
-Replacement therapy for hypothyroidsm-decreased activity of thyroid gland. have same action as naturally produced thyroid in body)
-Used to diagnose & treat thyroid deficiency & myxedema (most severe form of hypothyroiddism characterized by swelling of face, feet and periorbital tissues; may lead to coma & death), and to control goiter or thyroid carcinoma.
-Affects: Thyroid gland

Back 2

Levothyroxine (Synthroid)

Front 3

-Consists of 5 g iodine (I2) and 10 g potassium iodide (KI) mixed with 85 ml distilled water, to make a brown solution with a total iodine content of 130 mg/mL. Potassium iodide renders the elementary iodine soluble in water through the formation of the triiodide (I3−) ion. It is not to be confused with tincture of iodine solutions, which consist of elemental iodine, and iodide salts dissolved in water and alcohol. Contains no alcohol.

Back 3

Logol's Solution

Hint 3

-Other names are I2KI (Iodine-Potassium Iodide); Markodine, Strong solution (Systemic); Aqueous Iodine Solution BP.

Front 4

Class: Antithyroid medications
*Inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis but not release; in peripheral tissues inhibits conversion of T4 to T3.
-Used to treat hyperthyroidism & Graves' disease (associated with enlarged thyroid gland and exophthalmos; also called thyrotoxicosis.
Affects: Adrenal glands

Back 4

Propythiouracil (PTU)

Front 5

Class: Calcium supplement
-Calcium salts used to treat mild calcium deficiency
-Replace calcium to supply body's metabolic needs, help maintain bone strenght, and prevent calcium loss from bones
-Used to treat mild hypocalcemia & for supplementation of dietary calcium
-Additional use as antacid

Back 5

Calcium gluconate (Kalciante)

Front 6

Class: Glucocorticoids (is a steroid hormone with metabolic effectson carbohydrate, protein & fat metabolism, & anti-inflammatory & immunosuppressive activity.
-synthesis is regulated by pituitary gland via negative feedback effect; may regulate metabolism of skeletal & connective tissues.
-Used in adrenal insufficiency (inability of adrenal glands to produce sufficient adrneocortical hormones) caused by truama or thrombosis; chronic primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease); & secondary adrenal insufficiency (diseased or destroyed adnohypophysis with inadequate dpoduction of ACTH)
*Has little mineralocorticoid action.

Back 6

Prednisone (Deltasone)

Front 7

Class: Mineralcorticoids (is a steroid hormone that acts on kidneys to retain sodium & water and release potassium
-Drugs to treat Diabetes Insipidus
-Regulated by the renin-angiotensin system
-Replacement therapy is required with adrenal gland failure or hypofunction
Affects: Adrenal Glands

Back 7

Cortisone (Cortone)

Front 8

Class: Treat hypercalcemia
*Inhibits bone resorption
-Promotes excretion of calcium
-Decrease mobilization of calcium from bone
-Decrease intestinal absorption of calcium
-form complexes with free calcium in blood
-used in emergency treatment of hypercalcemia and to control hypercalcemia resulting from malignancies of the bone

Back 8

Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
Pamidrpmate (Fosamax):
-Tx of osteoporosis and Paget's disease

Hint 8

Pamidrpmate (Fosamax):
-Tx of osteoporosis and Paget's disease

Front 9

Class: tx hyperglycemia
-Restores cells' ability to use glucose as an evergy source & correct hyperglycemia (higher than normal circulating glucose levels)
-Corrects many associated metabolic derangements
-used to treat both type 1 and type 2 DM and DKA
-Also lowers plasma potassium levels and is used as emergency treatment of hyperkalemia

Back 9

Insulin:
-Lispro (Rapid-acting; onset 5 min/ Peak 0.5-1 hr; Duration 2-4 hr)
-Regular (short acting; onset 0.5-1hr; Peak 2-4 hr; Duration 5-7 hr)
-NPH (intermediate acting; onset 1-2 hr; Peak 6-12 hr; Duration 18-24 hr)
-Ultralente (long acting; onset 4-6 hr; Peak 16-18 hr; duration 20-36 hr)
-NPH/Reg mix 70/30 (combo; onset 0.5-1 hr; Peak 4-8 hr; Duration 24 hr)

Hint 9

Types:
-Lispro (Rapid-acting; onset 5 min/ Peak 0.5-1 hr; Duration 2-4 hr)
-Regular (short acting; onset 0.5-1hr; Peak 2-4 hr; Duration 5-7 hr)
-NPH (intermediate acting; onset 1-2 hr; Peak 6-12 hr; Duration 18-24 hr)
-Ultralente (long acting; onset 4-6 hr; Peak 16-18 hr; duration 20-36 hr)
-NPH/Reg mix 70/30 (combo; onset 0.5-1 hr; Peak 4-8 hr; Duration 24 hr)

Front 10

A. Class: oral hypoglycemic
-stimulates release of insulin from pancreatic islets
-used as an adjunct to nondrug therap to reduce blood glucose levels in type 2 DM

B. Class: oral hypoglycemic
1-Type: lowers blood glucose by decreasing production of glucose by liver
2-Type: delay absorption of dietary carbohydrates & reduce blood glucose
3-Type: reduce blood blucose by reducing glucose resistance & inhibiting gluconeogenesis in liver

*All decrease blood glucose levels after meals in pt with DM type 2 not controlled by diet modification & exercise

Back 10

A. Sulfonylureas
-First generation agents:
Diabinese
-Second generation agents:
glipizide (Glucotrol)
Glyburide (Diabeta, Micronase)
Glimepiride (Amaryl)

B. Nonsulfonylureas
1-Biguanide:
Metformin (Glucophage)
2-Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors:
Acarbose (Precose)
Miglitol (Glyset)
3-thiazolidinediones or Glitazones:
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Rosiglitazone (Advandia)

Hint 10

B. Nonsulfonylureas
-Biguanide:
Metformin (Glucophage)
-Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors:
Acarbose (Precose)
Miglitol (Glyset)
-Thiazolinediones:
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Rosiglitazone (Advandia)