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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Endocrine |
ductless glands that produce internal secretions that flow to all parts of the dody |
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Hypophysis |
aka pituitary gland, has an anterior and and posterior lobe |
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Adenohypophysis |
secretes the following hormones that target glands and tissues: *Growth hormone (GH) *Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) *Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) *Gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH) & Luteinizing hormone(LH) which affect the ovaries. |
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Growth Hormone |
2 hypothalamic hormones regulate GH: (1) growth-hormone releasing hormone (GH-RH) (2) growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GH-IH) Does not have a specific target gland. It affects body tissue and bone. Can not be given orally, inactivated by GI enzymes. |
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Somatropin |
(Genotropin) is a growth hormone used to treat growth failure in children because of pituitary GH deficiency. it is identical sequence of amino acid as human growth hormone. |
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Gigantism |
Excessive growth during childhood, can occur with GH hypersecretion and are frequently caused by a pituitary tumor. |
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Acromegaly |
Excessive growth after puberty, can occur with GH hypersecretion and are frequently caused by a pituitary tumor. |
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Ocetreotide |
aka Sandostatin, is a potent synthetic somatostatin used to suppress GH release. Very expensive drug |
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Thyroid-stimulating hormone |
secreted by adenophypophysis in response to thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus and TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) |
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Hyperthyroidism |
Excessive TSH secretions |
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Hypothyroidism |
deficit in TSH can be caused by a thyroid gland disorder which is the primary cause |
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone |
ACTH The hypothalmus releases corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) which stimulates the pituitary corticotropin to secrete ACTH. ACTH secretion stimulates the release of glucocirticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) and androgen from the adrenal cortex. |
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Acthar |
ACTH drug used to diagnose adrenal gland disorders, to treat insufficiency and as an antiinflammatory drug in the treatment of allergic response Admistered IV |
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Posterior Lobe |
Nuerohypophysis secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH) , vasopressin and oxytocin promotes water reabsorption from the renal tubules to maintain water balance in body fluids. when there is a deficiency of ADH large amounts of water are excreted by the kidneys known as diabetes insipidus (DI) |
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Thyroid Gland |
Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are secreted by the thyroid gland, function of T4 and T3 are to regulate protein synthesis and enzyme activity and to stimulate mitochondrial oxidation. Regulated by the feedback mechanism hypothalmus >TRH>pituitary gland>TSH>thyroid gland>T4 &T3 |
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Myxedema |
is severe hypothyroidism in the adult: Symptoms lethargy, apathy, memory impairment, emotional changes, slow speech. deep coarse voice, edema in eyelids and face, dry skin, cold intolerence, slow pulse, constipation, weight gain |
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cretinism |
prepubertal or juvenile hypothyroidism |
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Levothyroxine Sodium |
Synthroid- drug for replacement for the treatment of hyprthyroidism. It increases T3 and T4, can treat goiter and hashimoto |
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Graves disease |
thyrotoxicosis, most common type of hyperthyroidism caused by the hyperfunctioning of the thyroid gland Treatment can involve removal of thyroid gland |
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Antithyroid |
drugs that reduce the excessive secreation of T4 & T3 Thioamides, propylthiouracil, methimazole |
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Parathyroid Glands |
secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) which regulates calcium levels in the blood. A decrease of serum calcium stimulates the release of PTH |
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Hypoparathyroidism |
Hypocalcemia- calcium deficit PTH replacement helps correct the calcium deficit. PTH promotes calcium absorption from the GI tract and activate vitamin D |
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Calcitiol |
Vitamin D analogue that promotes calcium absorption from the GI tract and secretion of calcium from the bone and bloodstream |
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Hyperparathyroidism |
can be caused by malignancies of the parathyroid glands or ectopic PTH hormone secretion from lung cancer, hyperthyroidism, or prolonged immobility, during which calcium is lost from the bone. |
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Adrenal Glands |
pair of glands that consist of the adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex |
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Adrenal Cortex |
produces 2 types of hormones 1. glucocorticoids (cortisol) 2. mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) |
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Corticosteriods |
promote sodium retention and potassium excretion |
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Adrenal Hyposecretion |
a decrease in corticosteriod known as Addison's Disease |
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Adrenal Hypersecretion |
an increase in corticosteriod secretion known as Cushing's Syndrome |
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Glucocorticoids |
influenced by ACTH, which is released from the anterior pituitary gland, affect carbs, proteins, and fat metablosim and muscle and blood cell activity can cause water retention, potassium loss and increased BP used to treat imflammatory, allergic and debilitating conditions |
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Mineralocorticoids |
2nd type of corticosteriod, secrete aldosterone, controlled by the reninangiotensin system. maintain fluid balance by promoting reabsorption of sodium from the renal tubules, sodium attracts water resulting in water retention |
