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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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_____ is the breakdown of glucose and glycogen
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glycolysis
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______ is when glycogen is synthesized from glucose to be stored in the liver or muscle
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glycogenesis
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_____ is the production of glucose form non-CHO forms mainly in the liver
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gluconeogenesis
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____ regulated: a decrease in available receptors in response to high concentrations of hormones
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down
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___ regulated: an increase in available receptors in response to low concentrations of hormones
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up
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the hormones of the adrenal medulla are ____ and ____ which together are called _____. They prepare a person for fight or flight by ____ metabolic rate, glycogen breakdown in the liver and muscle and ____ release of glucose and FFAs in the bloodstream. The hormones ___ in the blood during this time.
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epinephrine and norepinephrine
catacholamines increasing increasing increase |
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hormones of the adrenal cortex are ___ which allow you to adapt to external changes and stress. They help maintain plasma glucose concentration when don't eat for long time by ____ gluconeogenesis and protein catabolism and ____ mobilization of FFAs and glucose utilization
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glucocorticoids
increasing decreasing |
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hormones of the pancreas are __ and ___
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insulin and glucagon
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insulin responds to ___ blood glucose by ____ insulin which in turn ____ the amount of circulating glucose in the blood
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increased
increasing decreases |
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glucagon responds to ___ blood glucose by ___ glucagon which in turn promotes ___ glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis to ___ glucose levels
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decreased
increasing increasing increase |
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Four hormones work to increase circulating plasma blood glucose during exercise ___________
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glucagon, epi, norepi and cortisol
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plasma insulin concentrations ___ during prolonged submaximal exercise. Overtime ___ regulation takes place which ____ insulin sensitivity
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decrease
up increases |
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Amount of glucose released by liver depends on ____ and ___ of exercise
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duration
intensity |
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During short explosive exercise, blood glucose levels spike dramatically above normal level causing ____ catecholamine release
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increased
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long, endurance exercise causes a slow ____ in blood glucose levels that decline slightly over time
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increase
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The 5 hormones involved in fat metabolism are ___________
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insulin
epinephrine norepinephrine cortisol growth hormone (from anterior pituitary) |
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Which step of fat metabolism does the endocrine system effect?
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mobilization --> hormone sensitive lipase
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fat metabolism increases during ____
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exercise
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cortisol is primarily responsible for ____ FFA mobilization at the beginning of exercise
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increasing
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______ is primarily responsible for continued FFA mobilization throughout prolonged exercise
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growth hormone
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______ are helpers that provide a baseline mobilization of FFA throughout exercise
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NE and epi
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at the start of exercise there is a ____ spike (glucose and fat mobilization) and there is a ___ peak at about 15 min of exercise from glucose mobilization
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cortisol
glucagon |
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in the middle of exercise ____ increase and continue glucose and fat metabolism
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NE and epi
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in the end of exercise ____ stores are falling and ____ increases which increases _____
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glycogen
growth hormone fat mobilization |
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fat metabolism ____ at rest in response to exercise as an adaptation to exercise training
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increases
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Chronic adaptation to exercise causes __ hormone release in response to exercise
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less
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____ decreases appetite through hypothalamus and enhances insulin sensitivity and FFA oxidation
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leptin
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_____ increases insulin sensitivity and FFA oxidation
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adiponectin
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higher fat mass=_____ leptin; ____ adiponectin which leads to Type II diabetes and state of inflammation
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higher
lower |
