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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what glands produce tropic hormones?
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Somatotrophs, Thyrotrophs, Gonadotrophs, Lactotrophs, Corticotrophs
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the posterior (neurohypophysis) pituitary stores and releases what two hormones
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oxytocin and ADH
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Hypothalamus hormones include?
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GHRH, GHIH, TRH, CRH, GnRH, PRH, PIH, OT, ADH
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TARGET: anterior pituitary
EFFECT: stimulates release of GH REGULATION:plasma levels of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids |
GHRH
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TARGET:anterior pituitary
EFFECT: inhibit release of GH REGULATION: Plasma levels of glucose, fatty acids and aa's |
GHIH
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TARGET:anterior pituitary
EFFECT: stimulate release of TSH REGULATION:plasma levels of TSH and glucose, metabolic rate |
TRH
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TARGET:anterior pituitary
EFFECT: stimulate release of adrenocorticotropic hormone REGULATION: blood glucose levels, stress, interleukin -1 |
CRH
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TARGET:anterior pituitary
EFFECT: stimulate release of FSH and LH REGULATION: in females, plasma estrogen and progesterone levels, in males, plasma testosterone levels |
GnRH
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TARGET:anterior pituitary
EFFECT:stimulate release of prolactin REGULATION: suckling |
PRH
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TARGET:anterior pituitary
EFFECT: inhibit PRL release REGULATION: suckling, plasma estrogen and progesterone levels. |
PIH
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TARGET: smooth muscles in uterus and breast
EFFECT:contraction of muscle REGULATES:hormonal changes during pregnancy, suckling |
OT
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TARGET:kidney
EFFECT:decrease sweat and urine output, constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure REGULATES: blood osmotic pressure, stress, drugs |
ADH
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TARGET:general (mainly bones and skeletal muscles
EFFECT:stimulates synthesis and production of insulin like growth factors (cause release of glucose) stimulates cell growth and division, increases rate of protein synthesis and rate of fat catabolism, decreases rate of glucose catabolism (increase metabolism) REGULATES: GHRH, GHIH |
hGH or Somatotropin
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TARGET: thyroid gland
EFFECT:stimulates secretion and release of T3 and T4 REGULATES: TRH |
TSH
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TARGET: cortex of the adrenal gland
EFFECT:stimulate production and release of glucocorticoids REGULATES: CRH |
ACTH
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TARGET:gonads
EFFECT:stimulates production of gametes, stimulates production of estrogen in females REGULATES: GnRH, inhibin, estrogen and testosterone |
FSH
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TARGET:gonads
EFFECT:in females, stimulates ovulation, formation of corpus luteum and production of estrogen and progesterone. in males, simulates production of testosterone REGULATES: GnRH |
LH
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TARGET: breast
EFFECT:milk production REGULATES:PRH, PIH, estrogen |
PRL
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TARGET: melanocytes
EFFECT: increases production of melanin, CNS neurotransmitter REGULATES:MRH, MIH |
MSH
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TARGET: general
EFFECT:regulate O2 use, basal metabolic rate, growth and development REGULATES: TSH from pituitary, TRH from hypothalamus |
T3,T4
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TARGET:bone
EFFECT:inhibits osteoclasts, decrease Ca release into blood, increase Ca uptake into bone REGULATES:Ca levels |
Calcitonin
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PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH)
antagonist |
Calcitonin
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PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH)
net effect |
increases circulating Ca
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Adrenal Medulla
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produces catecholamines (epinephrine, and norepinephrine)
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which part of the adrenal gland produces the hormone also known as the fight or flight hormone
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adrenal medulla
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cortex of adrenal gland is composed of
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zona gloemerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis
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Zona Glomerulosa secretes
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mineralcorticoids
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what are mineralcorticoids
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steroid hormone that influences Na and K and water homeostasis.
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Zona Fasciculata secretes
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glucocorticoids
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what are glucocorticoids
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steroid hormones that regulate metabolism, and resist stress (cortisol, corticosterone, cortison)
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Zona retucularis produces
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androgens and some estrogens
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pancreas has two functions, what are they and what are their cells, what do their cells do
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exocrine: acinar cells: production of digestive enzymes
endocrine: islets of langerhans, 3 cell types 1. alpha: produce glucagon 2. Beta: produce insulin 3. gamma: produce sonatostatin |
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Hormones of pancreas
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Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin
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Insulin (target, effect, regulation)
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TARGET:general
EFFECT:lowers blood glucose, and accelerates diffusion of glucose into cells. increases glycogenesis, increases uptake of amino acids and peptide formation (decrease gluconeogenesis), promotes glucose conversion to fat and promotes cellular respiration. decreases glycogenolysis REGULATION: blood levels of flucose, amino acids and fatty acids |
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Glucagon (target, effect, regulation)
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TARGET:liver
EFFECT:increases blood glucose levels by stimulating gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis REGULATION: blood glucose levels, ANS and Insulin |
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Somatostatin (target, effect)
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TARGET: digestive tract and pancreas
EFFECT: inhibits secretion of glucagon and insulin |
