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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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aspart (Novolog)
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rapid acting insulin; self association less because of proline change to Aspartate
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detemir (Levemir)
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long acting insulin; increased self aggregation and binding to albumin
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glargine (Lantus)
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long acting insulin; soluble at acidic pH (solution), precipitates at neutral pH (ECF)
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glulisine (Apidra)
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rapid acting insulin; self association less because of changes to Lys and Glu
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lispro (Humalog)
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rapid acting insulin; self association less because of lys/pro swap
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NPH (Humalin-N)
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intermediate acting; wild-type a.acid sequence in suspension with protamine, making it be absorbed more slowly because insulin has to dissociate from protamine first
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regular crystalline insulin
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Novolin, Humulin. Wild type amino acid sequence
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exenatide (Byetta)
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incretin agonist. SQ (hormone made in gut, stim pancreatic cells to increase insulin, decrease glucagon, ultimately causing decrease in glucose postprandially)
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sitagliptin (Januvia)
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inhibitor of incretin degradation. Oral. (hormone made in gut, stim pancreatic cells to increase insulin, decrease glucagon, ultimately causing decrease in glucose postprandially)
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pramlintide (Symlin)
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amylin analog - inhibit glucagon secretion and suppress appetite centrally (hormone made in alpha cells) SQ
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chlorpropamide (Diabinese)
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sulfonylurea: increases insulin secretion by decreasing K+ efflux, reduce glucagon levels. 1st generation.
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glipizide (Glucotrol)
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sulfonylurea: increases insulin secretion by decreasing K+ efflux, reduce glucagon levels. 2nd generation (more potent)
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glyburide (Micronase)
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sulfonylurea: increases insulin secretion by decreasing K+ efflux, reduce glucagon levels. 2nd generation (more potent)
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tolbutamide (Orinase)
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sulfonylurea: increases insulin secretion by decreasing K+ efflux, reduce glucagon levels. 1st generation
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repaglinide (Prandin)
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meglitinide: stimulate closing of K+ channels, increase insulin secretion. Higher binding affinity for K+ channels than sulfonylureas. Not as good w/ renal/liver problems
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nateglinide (Starlix)
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phenylalanine analog: also acts on K+ channels, still differently than meglitinides and sulfonylureas. Faster than meglitinide, but less sustained.
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metformin (Fortamet)
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biguanide: activate AMP-activated protein kinase, reducing liver glucose output. S.effects: GI discomfort, lactic acidosis
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rosiglitazone (Avandia)
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thiazolidinedione: PPARγ agonist - increase insulin sensitivity in liver, fat, mm. need to monitor liver enzymes. CV side effects
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pioglitazone (Actos)
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thiazolidinedione: PPARγ agonist - increase insulin sensitivity in liver, fat, mm. need to monitor liver enzymes.
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acarbose (Precose)
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α-glucosidase inhibitor: reduce intestinal absorption of carbs. S.effects: farts, diarrhea, ab pain
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miglitol (Glyset)
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α-glucosidase inhibitor: reduce intestinal absorption of carbs. S.effects: farts, diarrhea, ab pain
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propylthiouracil
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thioureylene, blocks oxidation, iodination, and coupling in thyroid. Blocks peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. Oral. Faster than MMI, less potent, shorter duration
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methimazole (Tapazole)
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thioamide, blocks oxidation, iodination, and coupling in thyroid. Oral. Not as good if pregnant. Slower than PTU, more potent, longer duration
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cortisol (hydrocortisone)
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glucocorticoid: replacement Tx and emergencies
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dexamethasone (Decadron)
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glucocorticoid: no MC activity, used when water retention is bad, but want anti-inflam/immunosupp. Also given to mom's for fetal lung maturation.
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prednisolone (Prelone)
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glucocorticoid: systemic anti-inflam/immunosupp.
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fludrocortisone (Florinef)
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mineralocorticoid
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spironolactone (Aldactone)
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mineralocorticoid antagonist: also androgen antagonist (good for CAH type II)
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eplerenone (Inspra)
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mineralocorticoid antagonist: no antiandrogen activity.
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aminoglutethimide (Cytadren)
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inhibits synthesis of cortisol by blocking desmolase (cholesterol to pregnenolone). Affects testis and ovaries too
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metyrapone (Metopirone)
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inhibits synthesis of cortisol by blocking 11 beta-hydroxylase (like induced CAH type II)
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ketoconazole (Nizoral)
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inhibits synthesis of cortisol by blocking many steps in steroid synthesis. Also anitfungal. Not specific to adrenal.
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glucocorticoid action
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increase in blood glucose. Increase protein breakdown. Increase lipolysis - fat redistribution. Increase gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis. Decrease glucose utilization
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estradiol (Estraderm)
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estrogen
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ethinyl estradiol
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estrogen. Comined with drospirenone for YAZ.
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estrone sulfate
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estrogen from stallion urine
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diethylstilbestrol (DES)
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estrogen - non steroid
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tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
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SERM
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raloxifene (Evista)
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SERM
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clomiphene (Clomid)
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estrogen receptor antagonist. Induce ovulation. Give in early follicular phase and antagonize inhibitor effects of estrogen on pituitary and hypothalamus (LH surge)
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fulvestrant (Faslodex)
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estrogen receptor antagonist. Induce ovulation. Give in early follicular phase and antagonize inhibitor effects of estrogen on pituitary and hypothalamus (LH surge)
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anastrozole (Arimidex)
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non steroidal aromatase inhibitor. Inhibit conversion of testosterone to estradiol. Tx: breast cancer or disorder where you want less estrogen
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exemestane (Aromasin)
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steroidal aromatase inhibitor. Inhibit conversion of testosterone to estradiol. Tx: breast cancer or disorder wher eyou want less estrogen action
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drospirenone
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progestin: mineralocorticoid and androgen antagonist. Used in YAZ
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progesterone
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progestin.
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medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera)
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progestin: IM, once every 3 months
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norethindrone (Micronor)
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progestin: oral or IUD
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norgestrel (Ovrette)
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progestin: oral or IUD. Plan B: 2-4x normal dose amount. Can cause nausea and vomiting
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RU 486 (mifepristone)
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progestin receptor antagonist. Given with prostaglandin agonist
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gonadorelin (Factrel)
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GnRH: synthetic wild type
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luprolide (Lupron)
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GnRH: long acting synthetic agonist. 1st it stimulates secretion of LH/FSH, then suppresses secretion
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cetrorelix (Cetrotide)
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GnRH antagonist. Used for Tx of precocious puberty in boys and other androgen excess. Also for Tx of endometriosis and dysmenorrhea, and to stop Gn secretion in ovulation-induction protocols
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testosterone (AndroGel)
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androgen: transdermal or buccal tablets
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testosterone propionate
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androgen
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methyltestosterone (Testred)
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17α-alkylated androgen
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danazol (Danocrine)
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17α-alkylated androgen
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dutasteride (Avodart)
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5α-reductase inhibitor
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finasteride (Propecia)
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5α-reductase inhibitor
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bicalutamide (Casodex)
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androgen receptor antagonist
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flutamide (Eulexin)
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androgen receptor antagonist
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nilutamide (Nilandron)
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androgen receptor antagonist
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sermorelin acetate (Geref)
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growth hormone releasing hormone analog
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IGF-1 (iPlex)
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used if pt is growth hormone resistant
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pegvisomant (Somavert)
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growth hormone antagonist - mutated amino acid sequence from wild-type and complexed with polyethylene glycol
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octreotide (Sandostatin)
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somatostatin agonist
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lanreotide (Somatuline)
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somatostatin agonist
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bromocriptine (Parlodel)
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D2 agonist - inhibitor for prolactin release
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cabergoline (Dostinex)
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D2 agonist - inhibitor for prolactin release
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desmopressin (DDAVP)
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oxytocin (Pitocin)
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cause uterine contraction
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vasopressin (Pitressin)
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atosiban (Tractocile)
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oxytocin antagonist - Tx preterm labor (not in US)
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ergocalciferol
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vitamin D2
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calcitriol
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vitamin D3
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alendronate (Fosamax)
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bisphosphonate: prevent calcium mobilization from bones. Oral or parenteral
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etidronate (Didronel)
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bisphosphonate: prevent calcium mobilization from bones. parenteral
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pamidronate (Aredia)
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bisphosphonate: prevent calcium mobilization from bones. parenteral
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risedronate (Actonel)
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bisphosphonate: prevent calcium mobilization from bones. Oral or parenteral
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tiludronate (Skelid)
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bisphosphonate: prevent calcium mobilization from bones. Oral or parenteral
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