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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is that endocrine system
6 |
glands the secrete hormones
into the bloodstream hormones go to target tissues organs regulated by feedback and physiologic demands |
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Endocrine Football
6 |
Hypothalmus-Coach
calls shot releases hormones to pituitary gland Pituitary gland-quarterback sends information out sends hormones to glands Glands-recievers ie adrenals, thyroid,etc |
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what is the role of the hypothalmus
6 |
controls releasing hormone
releasing hormone-releases the actual hormone that goes to the gland gland secretes what the body needs |
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what are examples of the glands
6 |
pituitary-anterior and posterior
thyroid gland parathyroid gland adrenal gland pancreas gonads |
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what does the anterior pituitary
gland secrete 6 |
growth hormone GH
thyroid stimulating hormone TSH adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH follicle-stimulating hormone FSH luteinizing hormone LH melanocyte stimulating hormone MSH prolactin |
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what does the posterior pitiutary
gland secrete 6 |
oxytocin
antidiuretic hormone |
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what is the function of oxytocin
6 |
stimulates milk secretion
stimulates uterine contractility |
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what is the function of antidiuretic
hormone ADH 6 |
promotes the reabsorption of water
vasoconstriction |
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what does the thyroid gland
secrete 6 |
thyroxine T4
triiodothyronine T3 calcitonin |
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what is the function of thyroxine T4
6 |
most active form of thyroid hormones
also most abundant precursor to T3 |
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what is the function of triiodothyronine T3
6 |
the most potent thyroid hormone
regulates the metabolic rate of all cell hyperactive thyroid increased metabolism hypoactive thyroid decreased metabolism |
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what is the function of calcitonin
6 |
regulates the calcium and phosphorus blood levels
decreases serum calcium levels |
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what do the parathyroid glands
secrete 6 |
parathyroid hormone PTH
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what is the function of parathyroid
hormone PTH 6 |
1.promotes bone demineralization
2. increases intestinal absorption of calcium =increases serum calcium levels |
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which normal sized gland should not be able to be palpated
6 |
thyroid gland
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what does the adrenal medulla secrete
6 |
stress hormones
epinephrine norepinephrine |
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what is the function of epinephrine and norepinephrine
6 |
flight or fight
prolongs sympathetic nervous system response ie increase HR blood flow to skeletal muscle dilates air passages |
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what does the adrenal cortex
secrete 6 |
sugar/sex/salt
glucocorticoids androgens mineralocorticoids |
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what is the function of glucocorticoids
6 |
cortisol
hydrocorisone promotes metabolism stress response "flight or fight" |
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what is the function of the androgens
6 |
testosterone
androsterone promotes masculinizaition in men growth and sexual activity in women |
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what is the function of mineralocorticoids
6 |
aldosterone
regulates sodium and potassium balance =regulates water balance |
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what do the pancreas
secrete 6 |
insulin
glucagon somatostatin pancreatic polypeptide |
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what is the function of insulin
6 |
promotes the movement of glucose
out of the blood and into the cells |
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what is the function of glucagon
6 |
glycogen is the storage form of glucose
glucagon changes glycogen into glucose in the blood |
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what is the function of somatostatin
6 |
inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion
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what is the function of pancreatic
polypeptide 6 |
digestion
regulates pancreatic function |
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what do the gonads secrete
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woman ovaries
estrogen progesterone men testes testosterone |
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what is the function of the female
hormones 6 |
estrogen sexual development
fertility progesterone successful pregnancy |
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what is the function of the male hormones
6 |
testosterone
sexual development spermatogenesis |
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what is neuroendocrine control
6 |
the nervous system and the endocrine system
communicate together in regulating hormones |
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what is the job of the hypothalamus in neuroendocrine control
6 |
it links the nervous and endocrine system
it also secretes the releasing and inhibiting hormones directly to the pituitary gland which release hormones to the target glands it is the "coach" that makes decisions about what needs to be done |
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the neuroendocrine story
6 |
hypothalmus releases inhibiting and releasing
hormones inhibiting or releasing hormones act on the pituitary gland pituitary gland releases "tropic hormones"-pituitary hormones tropic hormones are released to target organs target hormones release actual hormones |
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what is the feedback system of hormone regulation in the body
6 |
the body's hormonal system is a balanced between a state of hyperfunction and hypofunction
positive feedback loops release more hormones negative feedback loops release no more hormones |
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what are some hyperfunction disorders of the anterior
pituitary gland 6 |
caused by benign tumor triggering body
to make excess stimulating hormone gigantism-under 12 years old acromegaly |
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what is gigantism
6 |
excessive secretion in children
epiphysis of the bone is still open= bones grow longer |
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what is acromegaly
6 |
excessive secretion in adults
epiphysis of bone closed=bone grows wider enlargement of facial features, hands, feet and joint pain |
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what are hypofunction disorders of
the anterior pituitary gland 6 |
disorders caused by a tumor and is specific to hormones not
being secreted |
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what is the role of drug therapy in
hypofunction of hyperfunction of the glands 6 |
hypo-give drugs to stimulate
missing hormones hyper-give drugs to suppress missing hormones |
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what can cause the entire pituitary gland to be removed
6 |
in surgery
accidentally when removing pituitary tumor |
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what will patient need if entire
pituitary gland removed 6 |
pitiutary no longer helping to regulate
hormones oral hormone replacements to replace all the hormones lost when pituitary gland removed removed |
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what are the collaborative treatments for anterior pituitary
disorders 6 |
surgery
radiation therapy drug therapy |
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what are the types of surgical
treatments for anterior pituitary gland disorders 6 |
transsphenoidal microsurgery
hypophysectomy enter thru upper lip and floor of nose to remove tumor |
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what is after surgery nursing care for transsphenoidal
hypophysectomy surgery 6 |
gentle mouth care-suture line in mouth
no teeth brushing no coughing no nose blowing no straws |
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is there a concern about pt getting pneumonia after surgery from not using spirometry or coughing
6 |
no
because suture line in mouth pt will get out of bed sooner |
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why is radiation used in disorders of the anterior pituitary gland
6 |
1-to reduce size of tumor prior
to surgery 2-secondary treatment after unsuccessful surgery |
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what kind of drug therapy is used
for the anterior pituitary disorders of gigantism and acromegaly 6 |
hormone replacement if needed
dopamine agonist to supress GH octreotide(sandostatin) to decreases GH levels |
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what are some disorders of the
posterior pituitary 6 |
syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone SIADH diabetes insipidus DI |
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what is SIADH
6 |
hyperfunction of the posterior pituitary
ADH is released despite normal or low plasma osmolarity |
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what is ADH
6 |
made in hypothalmus
stored in posterior pituitary regulates water balance and osmolarity antidiuretic=holds onto water normally released when plasma osmolarity is high |
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what is the characteristics of high
plasma osmolarity 6 |
the blood is viscious/thick and needs water to be diluted
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what happens when there is high
plasma osmolarity 6 |
posterior pituitary gland releases
ADH the body holds onto to more water the plasma is diluted the plasma osmolarity decreases |
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what is the role of the hypothalmus in SIADH
6 |
secretes ADH which senses osmolality
in the bloodstream when osmolaity high, secretes ADH to thin blood (hold onto water) when osmolaity is low turns off ADH so blood thicken up (excrete water) |
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when is ADH released
6 |
by posterior pituitary
when the plasma osmolality is high (blood is thick) so body holds onto water to thin the blood |
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who is most at risk for SIADH
6 |
the elderly
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what is SIADH characterized by
6 |
fluid retention
(decreased urine output) concentrated urine (H2O held in body) serum hypoosmolality (blood very thin) dilutional hyponatremia (diluted sodium) blood keeps getting thinner |
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what are the causes of SIADH
6 |
small cell CA of lung
CNS disorders drug therapy hypothyroidism COPD/lung infection/mech vent |
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what are the diagnositic test
for SIADH 6 |
serum Na less than 134 mEq/L
serum osmolality less than 280 mOsm/kg urine specific gravity greater than 1.030 |
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what is the tell tale sign of SIADH
6 |
serum osmolality is less than
urine osmolality inappropriate excretion of concentrated urine with dilute serum concentrated urine with dilute blood |
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what is normal serum Na
6 |
135-145 mEq/L
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what is normal serum osmolality
6 |
280-295 mOsm/kg
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what is normal urine specific
gravity 6 |
1.010-1.030
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what is the collaborative care
for SIADH 6 |
correct underlying cause
fluid restriction if Na higher than 125mEq/L hypertonic saline solution (3%, 5%) slowly if Na less than 120 mEq/l diuretics (lasix): monitor K (losing more water than Na) daily wts |
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what are other nursing care for SIADH
6 |
to manage thirst
hard candy and ice to manage confusion from hyponatremia safety: pad side rails low bed frequent pt checks help to bathroom strict I and O since urine output will increase as SIADH is corrected (excess water will be urinated out) |
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what is the DOC for chronic SIADH
6 |
demeclocycline (declomycin)
blocks the effects of ADH on renal tubules |
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what are the S/S of hyponatremia as a symptom
of SIADH 6 |
anorexia
nausea vomiting confusion disorientation seizures |
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what can hypo or hypernatremia lead to
6 |
seizures
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what is diabetes insipidus
DI 6 |
hypofunction of the posterior
pituitary gland deficiency in the production or secretion of ADH can be transient or chronic results in excessive urine output and high plasm osmolality |
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what are the causes of DI
6 |
tumor
head injury ie car accident |
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what are the S/S of DI
6 |
polyuria
severe polydipsia-thirst fatigue from nocturia change in LOC due to hypernatremia: irritability to coma to seizures dehydration leading to tachycardia and shock |
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what kind of shock does DI
cause 6 |
hypovolemic
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what are the diagnostic tests
for DI 6 |
serum Na higher than 145mEq/L
serum osmolality greater than 295 mOsm/kg urine specific gravity less than 1.001 |
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what is the collaborative care for DI
6 |
correct underlying cause
maintain fluid and electrolyte balance with IV therapy check for glucosuria |
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what can unchecked glucosuria cause
6 |
osmotic diuresis due to
high blood sugar spilling into the urine and taking water with it |
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what is the DOC for hormone
replacement for hypofunction in DI 6 |
vasopressin/Pitressin
SC, IM, IV |
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what is the DOC for chronic
DI 6 |
desmopressin acetate
DDAVP nasal spray for long term use |
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what is the importance of IV
fluids in DI 6 |
hydration
replace fluids lost in urine output |
