End Of Chapter Qs--Ch. 13 Blood System

Front 1

______ is a white blood cell (agranulocyte) formed in lymph tissue, is a phagocyte, and is the precursor of a macrophage:

Back 1

monocyte

Front 2

A thrombocyte or cell that helps blood clot:

Back 2

platelet

Front 3

A ______ ______is a cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to different types of blood cells:

Back 3

stem cell

Front 4

______ is a leukocyte that is found in lymph tissue and can produce antibodies.

Back 4

lymphocyte

Front 5

A leukocyte with dense, reddish granules having an affinity for red acid dye; associated with allergic reactions:

Back 5

eosinophil

Front 6

A red blood cell is called a(n) ________.

Back 6

erythrocyte

Front 7

______ is a polymorphonuclear granulocyte (a type of leukocyte) that is a phagocyte that collects at the site of infections; it is formed in the bone marrow and has neutral-staining granules.

Back 7

neutrophil

Front 8

______ is a granulocyte (a type of leukocyte) which releases histamine and heparin; granules have an affinity for basic dye.

Back 8

basophil

Front 9

Define:
corpuscle

Back 9

(little body)
a blood cell

Front 10

Define:
granulocyte

Back 10

A polymorphoneuclear leukocyte (a white blood cell with a multilobed nucleus). It forms in bone marrow.
(eosinophils, neutrophils, and basophils)

Front 11

Define:
mononuclear

Back 11

pertaining to (having) one (prominent) nucleus

Front 12

Define:
polymorphonuclear

Back 12

pertaining to (having) a many-shaped (multilobed) nucleus.

Front 13

Define:
agranulocyte

Back 13

(a white blood cell with no dark staining granules)
mononuclear leukocytes--lymphocytes and monocytes

Front 14

Define:
erythroblast

Back 14

an immature red blood cell

Front 15

Define:
megakaryocyte

Back 15

(cell with a large nucleus)
A giant multinucleated cell that is formed in bone marrow and is a precursor of platelets.

Front 16

Define:
macrophage

Back 16

large phagocytes formed from monocytes and found in tissues; they destroy worn-out red blood cells and engulf foreign material

Front 17

Define:
hemoglobin

Back 17

blood protein found in red blood cells; enables the erythrocyte to carry oxygen

Front 18

Define:
myeloid

Back 18

derived from bone marrow cells

Front 19

Define:
reticulocyte

Back 19

immature, developing red blood cell with a network of granules in its cytoplasm

Front 20

Define:
myeloblast

Back 20

immature bone marrow cell that is the forerunner of granulocytes

Front 21

The liquid portion of blood is ________

Back 21

plasma

Front 22

The dark green pigment produced from hemoblogin when red blood cells are destroyed is ________

Back 22

bilirubin

Front 23

The Iron-containing nonprotein part of hemoglobin is _______

Back 23

heme

Front 24

A plasma protein that can be separated into alpha, beta, and gamma types is ________.

Back 24

globulin

Front 25

A hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate bone marrow to produce red blood cells is ________

Back 25

erythropoiten

Front 26

A foreign material that stimulates the production of an antibody is is a(n) ________

Back 26

antigen

Front 27

A plasma protein that maintains the proper amount of water in the blood is ________

Back 27

albumin

Front 28

Protein substances that are made by lymphocytes in response to the presence of antigens in the blood are _______

Back 28

antibodies

Front 29

Name four plasma proteins.

Back 29

albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin.

Front 30

What is the Rh factor?

Back 30

An antigen normally found on red blood cells of RH-positive individuals

Front 31

What is agglutination?

Back 31

clumping of particles suspended in liquid, particularly the clumping of red blood cells when one type of blood is mixed with an incompatable type (such as when a type O recipient receives type A blood)

Front 32

A person with type A blood has ________ antigens and _____ antibodies in his or her blood.

Back 32

A antigens and anti-B antibodies.
(Thus, cannot receive B or AB blood; both types have B antigens)

Front 33

A person with type B blood has _______ antigens and _______ antibodies in his or her blood.

Back 33

B antigens; anti-A antibodies
(Thus, cannot receive A or AB blood)

Front 34

A person with type O blood has _______ antigens and _______ antibodies in his or her blood.

Back 34

no A or B antigens; both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
(Cannot receive A, B, or AB blood, but because it has neithof the antigens, it is the "universal donor.")

Front 35

A person with type AB blood has _______ antigens and _______ antibodies in his or her blood.

Back 35

A and B antigens; no anti-A or anti-B antibodies. (Because AB blood has neither of the antibodies, it is the "universal recipient.)

Front 36

Can you transfuse blood from a type A donor into a type B recipient? Why?

Back 36

No. Type B blood has anti-A antibodies that will attack and clump with the A antigens contained in the type A blood.

Front 37

Can you transfuse blood from a type AB donor into a type O recipient? Why?

Back 37

No. Type O blood has anti-A and anti-B antibodies, which would attack and clump with(agglutinate) the A and B antigens in the AB blood.

Front 38

What is electrophoresis?

Back 38

It is the process of separating substances (such as proteins) from a liquid (such as plasma) by means of an electrical charge.

Front 39

What is immunoglobulin?

Back 39

It is a type of gamma globulin (blood protein) that contains antibodies.

Front 40

What is differentiation?

Back 40

Specialization, via change in the structure and function, of a cell as it matures.

Front 41

What is plasmapheresis?

Back 41

It is the process of separating the formed material in blood from plasma by spinning blood in a centrifuge.

Front 42

______ is an anticoagulant substance produced by liver cells and found in the bloodstream and tissues

Back 42

heparin

Front 43

______ are protein threads that form the basis of a blood clot

Back 43

fibrin

Front 44

______ is a plasma protein that is converted to thrombin in the clotting process

Back 44

prothrombin

Front 45

______ is plasma minus clotting proteins and cells

Back 45

serum

Front 46

______ is a clotting factor that, in combination with calcium, promots the clotting process

Back 46

thromboplastin

Front 47

______ is a plasma protein converted to fibrin in the clotting process

Back 47

fibrinogen

Front 48

______ is the process of clotting

Back 48

coagulation

Front 49

______ is an enzyme that helps convert fibrinogen to fibrin

Back 49

thrombin

Front 50

Divide into component parts and define:
anticoagulant

Back 50

anti/coagul/ant
a substance that inhibits blood clotting

Front 51

Divide into component parts and define:
hemoglobinopathy

Back 51

hemoglobin/o/pathy
disease (abnormality) of hemoglobin (a blood protein)

Front 52

Divide into component parts and define:
cytology

Back 52

cyt/o/logy
the study of cells

Front 53

Divide into component parts and define:
leukocytopenia

Back 53

leuk/o/cyt/o/penia
deficiency of white (blood) cells

Front 54

Divide into component parts and define:
morphology

Back 54

morph/o/logy
the study of the shape or form (of cells)

Front 55

Divide into component parts and define:
megakaryocyte

Back 55

mega/kary/o/cyte
a cell with a large nucleus
(a platelet precursor)

Front 56

Divide into component parts and define:
sideropenia

Back 56

sider/o/penia
deficiency of iron

Front 57

Divide into component parts and define:
phagocyte

Back 57

phag/o/cyte
a cell that eats/swallows other cells

Front 58

Divide into component parts and define:
myeloblast

Back 58

myel/o/blast
an immature cell originating in the bone marrow
(gives rise to granulocytes)

Front 59

Divide into component parts and define:
plateletpheresis

Back 59

platelet/pheresis
removal/separation of platelets (from the blood)

Front 60

Divide into component parts and define:
monoblast

Back 60

mon/o/blast
an immature monocyte (which is a large white blood cell that is a precursor to a macrophage)

Front 61

Divide into component parts and define:
myelodyspoiesis

Back 61

myel/o/dys/poiesis
bad/abnormation formation of bone marrow cells

Front 62

Divide into component parts and define:
hemostasis

Back 62

hem/o/stasis
controlling or stopping blood (flow)

Front 63

Divide into component parts and define:
thrombolytic

Back 63

thromb/o/lytic
pertaining to destruction of clots

Front 64

Divide into component parts and define:
hematopoiesis

Back 64

hemat/o/poiesis
formation of blood

Front 65

Any irregularity in the shape of red blood cells is called _______

Back 65

poikilocytosis

Front 66

_______ is an oxygen-containing protein in red blood cells

Back 66

hemoglobin

Front 67

Formation of red blood cells is called _______

Back 67

erythropoiesis

Front 68

_______ is a deficiency in the numbers of red blood cells.

Back 68

erythrocytopenia

Front 69

_______ is the destruction of red blood cells

Back 69

hemolysis

Front 70

_______ is a reduction of hemoglobin in red blood cells

Back 70

hypochromia

Front 71

Variation in the size of red blood cells is called _______

Back 71

anisocytosis

Front 72

_______ is a condition where an individual has abnormal numbers of round, rather than normally biconcave-shapped, red blood cells.

Back 72

spherocytosis

Front 73

An increase in numbers of small red blood cells is called ______

Back 73

microcytosis

Front 74

________ is a general increase in numbers of red blood cells; erythremia

Back 74

polycythemia vera

Front 75

An increase in numbers of large red blood cells is called _______

Back 75

macrocytosis

Front 76

________ represents the percentage of red blood cells in relation to the volume of blood.

Back 76

hematocrit

Front 77

Describe the problem in this form of anemia:
iron-deficieny anemia

Back 77

a lack of iron leads to insufficient hemoglobin production, impeding oxygen transport

Front 78

Describe the problem in this form of anemia:
pernicious anemia

Back 78

lack of mature erythrocytes due to an inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the blood stream (due to a lack of intrinsic factor)

Front 79

Describe the problem in this form of anemia:
sickle cell anemia

Back 79

red blood cells have irregular shapes--they are often shaped like a sickle--which makes them fragile (leading to hemolysis) and causes them to catch onto each other, clump, and cause blockages.

Front 80

Describe the problem in this form of anemia:
aplastic anemia

Back 80

failure of blood cell production due to aplasia (absence of development/formation) of bone marrow cells

Front 81

Describe the problem in this form of anemia:
thalassemia

Back 81

an inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in persons of Mediterranean descent

Front 82

Define the following abbreviation and describe the illness it represents:
CLL

Back 82

chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Abnormal numbers of relatively mature lymphocytes predominate in the marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. This form of leukemia occurs later in life and follows a slowly progressive course

Front 83

Define the following abbreviation and describe the illness it represents:
AML

Back 83

acute myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia
Immature granulocytes (myeloblasts) predominate.
Fewer platelets and erythrocytes are found in blood because of infiltration and replacement of bone marrow by large numbers of myeloblasts.

Front 84

Define the following abbreviation and describe the illness it represents:
ALL

Back 84

acute lymphocytic leukemia
Immature lymphocytes (lymphoblasts) predominate. This form of leukemia is seen most often in children and adolescents.

Front 85

Define the following abbreviation and describe the illness it represents:
CML

Back 85

chronic myelogenous leukemia
a.k.a. chronic granulocytic leukemia
Both mature and immature granulocytes are present in the marrow and bloodstream.
This is a slowly progressive illness in which patients may live for years without encountering life-threatening problems.

Front 86

Define:
idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura

Back 86

multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin (causing areas that are purple) due to a deficiency of platelets (patient makes an antibody that destroys his/her own platelets); the cause of the disorder (discrasia) is unknown

Front 87

Define:
granulocytosis

Back 87

abnormal increase in granulocytes (eosinophilia and basophilia) in the blood.

Front 88

Define:
hemophilia

Back 88

an inherited blood disorder (dyscrasia) where, due to a lacks clotting factor VIII, an individual's blood takes a long time to clot, making the individual susceptible to exsanguination

Front 89

Define:
hemochromatosis

Back 89

excessive deposits of iron in tissues of the body causes the skin to have a bronze hue

Front 90

Define:
multiple myeloma

Back 90

malignant tumor of bone marrow (antibody-producing plasma cells are produced in large numbers)

Front 91

Define:
relapse

Back 91

symptoms of a disease return

Front 92

Define:
remission

Back 92

symptoms of a disease disappear

Front 93

Define:
palliative

Back 93

relieving, but not curing

Front 94

Define:
Bence Jones protein

Back 94

an immunoglobulin fragment found in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma

Front 95

Define:
pupura

Back 95

multiple pinpoint hemorrhages with accumulation of blood under the skin due to deficiency of platelets.

Front 96

Define:
pancytopenia

Back 96

deficiency in all types of blood cells

Front 97

Define:
alkaline

Back 97

basic; the opposite of acid

Front 98

Define:
eosinophila

Back 98

increase in numbers of eosinophilic granulocytes; seen in allergic conditions/reactions

Front 99

________ is the diagnostic test/procedure where a stained blood smear is examined to determine the shape (form) of individual red blood cells.

Back 99

red blood cell morphology

Front 100

________ is the diagnostic test/procedure that measures the percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood.

Back 100

hematocrit

Front 101

________ is the diagnostic test/procedure that determines the number of clotting cells per cubic millimeter.

Back 101

platelet count

Front 102

________ is the diagnostic procedure that tests the ability of venous blood to clot in a test tube.

Back 102

coagulation time

Front 103

________ is the diagnostic test/procedure that measures the speed at which red blood cells settle out of plasma.

Back 103

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Front 104

________ is the diagnostic test/procedure that determines the numbers of different types of white blood cells (immature and mature forms).

Back 104

white blood cell differential

Front 105

________ is a diagnostic test/procedure that is useful in determining the presence of antibodies in infants of Rh-negative women or patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

Back 105

antiglobulin (Coombs') test

Front 106

In this clinical procedure, bone marrow cells from a donor are infused into a patient with leukemia or aplastic anemia.

Back 106

bone marrow transplantation

Front 107

This is a measurement of the time it takes for a small puncture wound to stop bleeding.

Back 107

bleeding time

Front 108

In this diagnostic procedure, a small amount of bone marrow is removed via a needle aspiration and then examined under a microscope.

Back 108

bone marrow biopsy

Front 109

This laboratory test gives the number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter of blood.

Back 109

red blood cell count

Front 110

In this clinical procedure, blood is collected from and later reinfused into the same patient.

Back 110

autologous blood transfusion

Front 111

Define:
Hct

Back 111

hematocrit

Front 112

Define:
Hgb

Back 112

hemoglobin

Front 113

Define:
PTT

Back 113

partial thromboplastin time (test of clotting factors)

Front 114

Define:
CBC

Back 114

complete blood count

Front 115

Define:
segs

Back 115

segmented white blood cells (neutrophils)

Front 116

Give the meaning of:
IgA, IgD, IgG, IgM, IgE

Back 116

immunoglobulins

Front 117

________ is a malignant tumor of bone marrow.

Back 117

myeloma

Front 118

________ is the formation of red blood cells.

Back 118

erythropoiesis

Front 119

________ is a dark green pigment produced from hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed.

Back 119

bilirubin

Front 120

_______ is a plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process.

Back 120

fibrinogen

Front 121

______ is another word for a thrombocyte (clotting cell).

Back 121

platelet

Front 122

______ is an abnormal condition where the red blood cells have irregular (a variety of) shapes.

Back 122

poikilocytosis

Front 123

_______ is a procedure by which white blood cells are separated from blood by use of a centrifuge.

Back 123

leukapheresis

Front 124

______ is an anticoagulant substance produced by liver cells and found in blood and tissues

Back 124

heparin

Front 125

______ is a method of separating substances (such as proteins) using an electrical charge

Back 125

electrophoresis

Front 126

______ is a reduction in red blood cells due to excessive destruction.

Back 126

hemolytic anemia

Front 127

This laboratory test measures the amount of hemoglobin in a blood sample.

Back 127

hemoglobin test

Front 128

This laboratory test measures the ability of the blood to clot; it measures the time elapsed between the addition of calcium to a plasma sample and the appearance of a visible clot.

Back 128

prothrombin time