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16 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Epinephrine (Adrenalin Cl)

Nonselective/ Direct acting

Class: Sympathomimetic

Pregnancy: C

Use: anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, cardiac arrest

Action: CNS/cardiac stimulation & bronchodilation.

Contraindication: Dysrhythmias, cerebral arteriosclerosis, glaucoma, cardiogenic shock, pregnancy

Caution: HTN, BPH, Hyperthyroid, DM

Side Effects/Adverse Rxns: Anorexia, syncope, palpitations, tachycardia, dyspnea....more

*Life threat: V-Fib, PE

Drug-Drug Interaction: Increased effects with tricyclic antidepressants and MAOIs, Methyldopa and beta blockers antagonists. Digoxin causes dysrhythmias.

Lab: Increased blood sugar, serum lactic acid

*Do not give PO, only IV and Sub Q
albuterol sulfate

(Proventil, Ventolin)

Selective

Class: Beta2 adrenergic agonist

Pregnancy: C
Use: treat/prevent bronchospasms, asthma, bronchitis, COPD

Action: bronchodilation, By PO/ Inhalation

Contraindication: Cardiac disease, HTN, hyperthyroid, DM, renal dysfunction, elderly, pregnancy

Side Effects/Adverse Rxns: blurred vision, palpitation, tachycardia, hallucinations, seizures

*Life threat: Dysrhythmias


Drug Interactaction: Increase effect with sympathomimetics, increase effect w MAOI/tricyclic antidepressants, Beta blockers antogonize albuterol

Lab: Increases sugar and potassium levels
atenolol (Tenormin)

Selective

Class: Beta1 adrenergic blocker

Pregnancy: D

B1 blockers
metoprolol tartrate (lopressor)
acebutolol HCl (Sectral)

B1/B2 blockers
Propranolol HCl (Inderal)- for migraines too

Alpha1 blockers
Phentolamine mesylate (Regitine)- antidote for dopamine/Norepinephrine
Prazosin HCl (Minipress)- <Saliva
Terazosin HCl (Hytrin)
Use: HTN/MI/HF, angina

Action: Decreases sympathetic outflow to periphery, suppresses renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Contraindication: Bradycardia, heart block, cardiogenic shock, PE, pregnancy, lactating

Side Effects: N/V/D, D/D, depression, cool extremities, leg pain, decreased libido, impotence

Adverse Rxn: Bradycardia, hypotension, HF, masking of hypoglycemia

*Life threat: agranulocytosis, PE, dysrhythmias, Bronchospasms

Drug Interactions: Increased effects w anticholinergics, decreased effects w NSAIDs, increased rick of hypoglycemia w insulin and sulfonylureas

*Check apical pulse- DO NOT give if <60bpm
bethanechol (Urecholine)

Class: cholinergic/parasympathomimetic

Pregnancy: C

Direct Acting Cholinergics

metoclopramide HCl (Reglan)- GERD
Pilocarpine (nicotinic too)- IOP
Carbechol (nicotinic)- IOP
Use: treat urinary retention, abdominal distention

Action: direct acting stimulate muscarinic receptors, increase urination, peristalsis, secretion, bronchoconstriction, miosis

Contraindication: GI/UT obstruction, hypotension, COPD, asthma, peptic ulcer, parkinsonism

Side Effects: N/V/D, miosis, blurred vision, abdominal cramps

Adverse Rxn: orthostatic HT, bradycardia, muscle weakness

*Life threat: acute asthmatic attack, heart block, circulatory collapse, cardiac arrest

Drug: Antidysrhythmics decrease effects

Lab: <ast< bilirubin, <amylase and lipase

*Antidote: IV atropine
** Give 1 hr before or 2 hrs after meals
***DO not give IM or IV

Atropine

Class: Anticholinergic/parasympatholytic

Pregnancy: C

GI Cholinergic Blockers:
Dicyclomine HCl (Bentyl)- IBS
Propnatheline Bromide (Probanthine)- Antispasmodic, IBS

Anticholinergic/ Antihistamine:
Scopolamine (Transderm Scop)- motion sickness, IBS, pre-anesthetic
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)-motion sickness

Anticholinergic/ Antiparkinson:
Benztropine mesylate (Cogentin)
Trihexyphenidyl HCl (Artane)
Use: Preoperative medication to reduce salivation, increase heart rate, dilate pupils, antispasmodic. Antidote to muscarinic agonist, cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning

Action: Inhibits acetylcholine action; increase HR by blocking vagus stimulation; promote mydriasis by blocking iris sphincter muscle.

Contraindications: Glaucoma, GI disorders, Paralytic ileus, BPH, MG, MI, tachycardia; caution: renal/hepatic disorders, COPD, HF

Side Effects: Dry mouth, nausea, constipation, rash, dry skin, flush, blurred vision, palpitations, photophobia, ab. distention, urinary retention.

Adverse Rxns: Tachycardia, hypotension,

* Life Threat: Paralytic ileus, V-F, coma

Drug Interactions: Increased effect w antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressants, amantadine, quinidine
trihexyphenidyl HCL
(Artane, Trihexane)

Drug class: antiparkinson/anticholinergic
Use:Decreases involuntary symptoms of Parkinsonism by inhibiting ACh

Action: blocks cholinergic/
muscarinic receptors to decrease involuntary movements

Contraindications: Glaucoma, GI obstruction, urinary retention, angina, MG;
Caution: children and elderly, tachycradia, BPH, nursing moms

Side Effects: N/V, dry mouth, constipation, anxiety, restlessness, headache, flushing dizzy, blurred vision, photophobia, pupil dilation, dysphagia

Adverse Rxn: Tachycardia, palpitations, postural hypotension, urinary retention

**Life threat: paralytic ileus

Drug Interaction: Decreased absorption w antacids, Increased effect w phenothiazines, antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressants, amantadine, quinidine
methylphenidate (Ritalin)

Drug Class: Amphetamine-like drugs


Pregnancy: C
Uses: To correct hyperactivity caused by ADHD, increase attention span, treat fatigue, and control narcolepsy.

Action: Acts primarily on the reticular activating system and cereberal cortex.

Containdications: Hyperthyroidism, HT, glaucoma,depression, psychosis, anxiety, seizures, CAD, Tourette syndrome;
Caution: children <6 years old, pregnancy

Side Effects: Anorexia, V/D, insomnia, dizziness, nervousness, restlessness, irritability, tremors, hyperactivity,

Adverse Rxns: Tachycardia, HT, growth suppression, palpitations, Weight loss in children

*Life threat- Exfoliative dermatitis, uremia, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity

Drug Interactions: caffeine increases effects; MAOIs increases HT crisis, increases effects of anticoagulants, tricyclic antidepressants. Decreases effects of decongestants, antihypertensives, barbiturates, alters effects of insulin therapy

*Given 30-45 min. before meals 6-8 hrs before bed time.
** No caffeine
secobarbital sodium (Seconal Sodium)

Class: sedative-hypnotic: barbituate

Pregnancy: D
SHORT ACTING BARBITURATE

Use: Treat insomnia, used for sedation, preoperative medication

Contraindication: Respiratory depression, hepatic disease, pregnancy, nephrosis, hypersensitivity

Caution: liver/kidney dysfunction, elderly, children

Side Effects:Lethargy, drowsiness, hangover, dizziness, excitement

Adverse Rxns: Drug dependence, tolerance
*Life threat: respiratory distress, laryngospasm

Drug Interaction: Decreases respiration w alcohol, CNS depressants, MAOIs
phenytoin (Dilantin)

Drug Class: Anticonvulsant- hydantoin

Pregnancy Category: D

Therapeutic Range: 10-20mcg/ml

Anticonvulsants/ Benzodiazepines (anxiolytic)

Diazepam (Valium): Status Epilepticus (drug of choice) CS IV

Lorazepam (Ativan): status epilepticus, anxiety, alcohol withdrawal
Use: To prevent tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal) and complex partial seizures.

Action: Reduces motor cortex activity by altering transport of ions.

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, heart block, psychiatric disorders, pregnancy

Side Effects: Headache, diplopia, confusion, dizziness, sluggishness, decreased coordination, ataxia, slurred speech, rash, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, hypotension (IV), pink-red/brown discoloration of urine.

Adverse Rxns: Leukopenia, hepatitis, depression, gingival hyperplasia, gingivitis, nystagmus, hirutism, osteoporosis.

*Life threat: Aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, hypotension, V-Fib, encephalopathy.

Drug Interactions: Increase effects w chloramphenicol, decreases effects of anticoagulants, oral contraceptives, antihistamines, corticosteroids, theophiline, dopamine. Decreases absorption of folic acid, calcium, Vitamin D

Lab: Increased BUN, CrCl, Liver enzymes indicates renal or hepatic disorders
carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet)

Drug Class: Dopaminergic

Pregnancy Category: C
Uses: Treats Parkinsonism; to relieve tremors and rigidity.

Action: Transmission of levodopa to brain cells for conversion to dopamine; carbidopa blocks the conversion of Levodopa to dopamine in the PNS.

Contraindication: Glaucoma, cardiac/renal/hepatic diseases, skin lesions; Caution: peptic ulcer, psychiatric disorders

Side Effects: Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, fatigue, dizziness, headache, dry mouth, bitter taste, twitching, blurred vision, insomnia, dark urine, perspiration.

Adverse Rxns: Involuntary movements, palpitations, orthostatic HT, urinary retention, psychosis, severe depression, suicidal, hallucinations.

*Life threat: Agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia, dysrhythmias, thrombocytopenia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Drug Interaction: Increase HT crisis w MAOIs, decrease levodopa effect w anticholinergics

Lab: Increase in BUN, AST, ALT, ALP, LDH

*Abrupt stopping can cause rebound parkinsonism.
**High protein foods interfere w absorption.
***Avoid foods w Vitamin B6 (pyrid
pyridostigmine bromide (Mestinon)

Drug Class: Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Pregnancy: C
Uses: To control and treat Myasthenia gravis.

Action: Transmission of neuromuscular impulses by preventing destruction of ACh.

Contraindications: GI/GU/ renal obstruction/ disorders
Caution: Asthma, hypotension, bradycardia, peptic ulcer, dysrhythmias, hyperthyroidism, pregnancy

Side Effects: N/V/D, Headache, dizziness, abdominal cramps, excess saliva, sweating, rash, miosis.
Adverse Rxns: Hypotension, bradycardia

*Life threat- Respiratory depression, bronchospasm, dysrhythmias, seizures.

Drug Interaction: Decreases effect w atropine, muscle relaxants, antidysrhythmics, magnesium

*Given before meals.
**DO NOT add to IV fluids
carisoprodol (Soma)

Drug Class: Centrally acting Muscle relaxants

Pregnancy: C
Uses: To relax skeletal muscles, treat spasticity associated w stroke, spinal cord injury, MS and cerebral palsy

Action: Blocks interneuronal activity. Onset/Peak/Duration is short.

Contraindications: Liver/renal disease

Side Effects: N/V, dizziness, flushing, diplopia, confusion, drowsiness, ataxia, weakness, insomnia.

Adverse Rxns: Tachycardia, hypotension, physical independence

Drug Interactions: Alcohol, narcotics, sedative/hypnotics, antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressants increase effects.
Increases risk of V-fib w Calcium channel blockers
tacrine (Cognex)

Drug Class: AChE inhibitor

Pregnancy Category: C

Uses: Improves memory loss.

Action: Elevates acetylcholine concentration. Food decreases absorption

Contraindications: Liver/renal disorders

Side Effects: Anorexia, dizziness N/V/D, HA, constipation, rhinitis, dizziness, myalgia, depression.

Adverse Rxns: *Life threat: Hepatotoxicity.
Drug Interaction: Increase effect of theophiline, cimetidine

Lab: Increase ALT, AST

tolterodine tartrate
(Detrol)

Drug Class: Antimuscarinic/Anticholinergic
Pregnancy: C

Use: to decrease urinary frequency, urgency, incontinence

Action: selectively blocks muscarinic receptors in bladder

Contraindication: urine retention, gastric retention, uncontrolled glaucoma

Side Effects: dry mouth/eyes, headache, dizzy, faint, nervous, N/V/D, ab. pain, dyspepsia, flatulence, dysuria, wt gain, arthralgia, urine retention, UTI, URI, rash, pruritis, dry skin

Adverse Rxn: bronchitis, visual abnormalities, chest pain, HTN
zolpidem tartrate (Ambien)

Drug class: Sedative-hypnotic: Nonbenzodiazepine.
CSS IV

Pregnancy: B
Uses: To treat insomnia

Action: Depression of CNS, neurotransmitter inhibition.

Side Effects: Drowsiness, lethargy, hangover (residual sedation), irritability, anxiety, nausea, vomiting

Adverse rxns: Tolerance, psychologic or physical dependence.

**Food decreases absorption
sumatriptan (Imitrex)

Drug Class – 5-HT1 receptor agonist (antimigraine)

Pregnancy: C
Uses:To treat migraine and cluster headaches.

Action: Causes vasoconstriction of cranial carotid arteries to relieve migraine attacks

Side Effects: fainting, tingling, numbness, dizziness, warm sensation, drowsiness, muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramping.

Adverse Rxns: Hypotension, hypertension, heart block, angina, dysrhythmias, thromboembolism, seizures, CNS hemorrhage and stroke.

*Life Threat: MI, Cardiac arrest, and coronary artery vasospasm.