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16 Cards in this Set
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Epinephrine (Adrenalin Cl)
Nonselective/ Direct acting Class: Sympathomimetic Pregnancy: C |
Use: anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, cardiac arrest
Action: CNS/cardiac stimulation & bronchodilation. Contraindication: Dysrhythmias, cerebral arteriosclerosis, glaucoma, cardiogenic shock, pregnancy Caution: HTN, BPH, Hyperthyroid, DM Side Effects/Adverse Rxns: Anorexia, syncope, palpitations, tachycardia, dyspnea....more *Life threat: V-Fib, PE Drug-Drug Interaction: Increased effects with tricyclic antidepressants and MAOIs, Methyldopa and beta blockers antagonists. Digoxin causes dysrhythmias. Lab: Increased blood sugar, serum lactic acid *Do not give PO, only IV and Sub Q |
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albuterol sulfate
(Proventil, Ventolin) Selective Class: Beta2 adrenergic agonist Pregnancy: C |
Use: treat/prevent bronchospasms, asthma, bronchitis, COPD
Action: bronchodilation, By PO/ Inhalation Contraindication: Cardiac disease, HTN, hyperthyroid, DM, renal dysfunction, elderly, pregnancy Side Effects/Adverse Rxns: blurred vision, palpitation, tachycardia, hallucinations, seizures *Life threat: Dysrhythmias Drug Interactaction: Increase effect with sympathomimetics, increase effect w MAOI/tricyclic antidepressants, Beta blockers antogonize albuterol Lab: Increases sugar and potassium levels |
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atenolol (Tenormin)
Selective Class: Beta1 adrenergic blocker Pregnancy: D B1 blockers metoprolol tartrate (lopressor) acebutolol HCl (Sectral) B1/B2 blockers Propranolol HCl (Inderal)- for migraines too Alpha1 blockers Phentolamine mesylate (Regitine)- antidote for dopamine/Norepinephrine Prazosin HCl (Minipress)- <Saliva Terazosin HCl (Hytrin) |
Use: HTN/MI/HF, angina
Action: Decreases sympathetic outflow to periphery, suppresses renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system Contraindication: Bradycardia, heart block, cardiogenic shock, PE, pregnancy, lactating Side Effects: N/V/D, D/D, depression, cool extremities, leg pain, decreased libido, impotence Adverse Rxn: Bradycardia, hypotension, HF, masking of hypoglycemia *Life threat: agranulocytosis, PE, dysrhythmias, Bronchospasms Drug Interactions: Increased effects w anticholinergics, decreased effects w NSAIDs, increased rick of hypoglycemia w insulin and sulfonylureas *Check apical pulse- DO NOT give if <60bpm |
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bethanechol (Urecholine)
Class: cholinergic/parasympathomimetic Pregnancy: C Direct Acting Cholinergics metoclopramide HCl (Reglan)- GERD Pilocarpine (nicotinic too)- IOP Carbechol (nicotinic)- IOP |
Use: treat urinary retention, abdominal distention
Action: direct acting stimulate muscarinic receptors, increase urination, peristalsis, secretion, bronchoconstriction, miosis Contraindication: GI/UT obstruction, hypotension, COPD, asthma, peptic ulcer, parkinsonism Side Effects: N/V/D, miosis, blurred vision, abdominal cramps Adverse Rxn: orthostatic HT, bradycardia, muscle weakness *Life threat: acute asthmatic attack, heart block, circulatory collapse, cardiac arrest Drug: Antidysrhythmics decrease effects Lab: <ast< bilirubin, <amylase and lipase *Antidote: IV atropine ** Give 1 hr before or 2 hrs after meals ***DO not give IM or IV |
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Atropine
Class: Anticholinergic/parasympatholytic Pregnancy: C GI Cholinergic Blockers: Dicyclomine HCl (Bentyl)- IBS Propnatheline Bromide (Probanthine)- Antispasmodic, IBS Anticholinergic/ Antihistamine: Scopolamine (Transderm Scop)- motion sickness, IBS, pre-anesthetic Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)-motion sickness Anticholinergic/ Antiparkinson: Benztropine mesylate (Cogentin) Trihexyphenidyl HCl (Artane) |
Use: Preoperative medication to reduce salivation, increase heart rate, dilate pupils, antispasmodic. Antidote to muscarinic agonist, cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning
Action: Inhibits acetylcholine action; increase HR by blocking vagus stimulation; promote mydriasis by blocking iris sphincter muscle. Contraindications: Glaucoma, GI disorders, Paralytic ileus, BPH, MG, MI, tachycardia; caution: renal/hepatic disorders, COPD, HF Side Effects: Dry mouth, nausea, constipation, rash, dry skin, flush, blurred vision, palpitations, photophobia, ab. distention, urinary retention. Adverse Rxns: Tachycardia, hypotension, * Life Threat: Paralytic ileus, V-F, coma Drug Interactions: Increased effect w antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressants, amantadine, quinidine |
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trihexyphenidyl HCL
(Artane, Trihexane) Drug class: antiparkinson/anticholinergic |
Use:Decreases involuntary symptoms of Parkinsonism by inhibiting ACh
Action: blocks cholinergic/ muscarinic receptors to decrease involuntary movements Contraindications: Glaucoma, GI obstruction, urinary retention, angina, MG; Caution: children and elderly, tachycradia, BPH, nursing moms Side Effects: N/V, dry mouth, constipation, anxiety, restlessness, headache, flushing dizzy, blurred vision, photophobia, pupil dilation, dysphagia Adverse Rxn: Tachycardia, palpitations, postural hypotension, urinary retention **Life threat: paralytic ileus Drug Interaction: Decreased absorption w antacids, Increased effect w phenothiazines, antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressants, amantadine, quinidine |
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methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Drug Class: Amphetamine-like drugs Pregnancy: C |
Uses: To correct hyperactivity caused by ADHD, increase attention span, treat fatigue, and control narcolepsy.
Action: Acts primarily on the reticular activating system and cereberal cortex. Containdications: Hyperthyroidism, HT, glaucoma,depression, psychosis, anxiety, seizures, CAD, Tourette syndrome; Caution: children <6 years old, pregnancy Side Effects: Anorexia, V/D, insomnia, dizziness, nervousness, restlessness, irritability, tremors, hyperactivity, Adverse Rxns: Tachycardia, HT, growth suppression, palpitations, Weight loss in children *Life threat- Exfoliative dermatitis, uremia, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity Drug Interactions: caffeine increases effects; MAOIs increases HT crisis, increases effects of anticoagulants, tricyclic antidepressants. Decreases effects of decongestants, antihypertensives, barbiturates, alters effects of insulin therapy *Given 30-45 min. before meals 6-8 hrs before bed time. ** No caffeine |
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secobarbital sodium (Seconal Sodium)
Class: sedative-hypnotic: barbituate Pregnancy: D |
SHORT ACTING BARBITURATE
Use: Treat insomnia, used for sedation, preoperative medication Contraindication: Respiratory depression, hepatic disease, pregnancy, nephrosis, hypersensitivity Caution: liver/kidney dysfunction, elderly, children Side Effects:Lethargy, drowsiness, hangover, dizziness, excitement Adverse Rxns: Drug dependence, tolerance *Life threat: respiratory distress, laryngospasm Drug Interaction: Decreases respiration w alcohol, CNS depressants, MAOIs |
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phenytoin (Dilantin)
Drug Class: Anticonvulsant- hydantoin Pregnancy Category: D Therapeutic Range: 10-20mcg/ml Anticonvulsants/ Benzodiazepines (anxiolytic) Diazepam (Valium): Status Epilepticus (drug of choice) CS IV Lorazepam (Ativan): status epilepticus, anxiety, alcohol withdrawal |
Use: To prevent tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal) and complex partial seizures.
Action: Reduces motor cortex activity by altering transport of ions. Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, heart block, psychiatric disorders, pregnancy Side Effects: Headache, diplopia, confusion, dizziness, sluggishness, decreased coordination, ataxia, slurred speech, rash, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, hypotension (IV), pink-red/brown discoloration of urine. Adverse Rxns: Leukopenia, hepatitis, depression, gingival hyperplasia, gingivitis, nystagmus, hirutism, osteoporosis. *Life threat: Aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, hypotension, V-Fib, encephalopathy. Drug Interactions: Increase effects w chloramphenicol, decreases effects of anticoagulants, oral contraceptives, antihistamines, corticosteroids, theophiline, dopamine. Decreases absorption of folic acid, calcium, Vitamin D Lab: Increased BUN, CrCl, Liver enzymes indicates renal or hepatic disorders |
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carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet)
Drug Class: Dopaminergic Pregnancy Category: C |
Uses: Treats Parkinsonism; to relieve tremors and rigidity.
Action: Transmission of levodopa to brain cells for conversion to dopamine; carbidopa blocks the conversion of Levodopa to dopamine in the PNS. Contraindication: Glaucoma, cardiac/renal/hepatic diseases, skin lesions; Caution: peptic ulcer, psychiatric disorders Side Effects: Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, fatigue, dizziness, headache, dry mouth, bitter taste, twitching, blurred vision, insomnia, dark urine, perspiration. Adverse Rxns: Involuntary movements, palpitations, orthostatic HT, urinary retention, psychosis, severe depression, suicidal, hallucinations. *Life threat: Agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia, dysrhythmias, thrombocytopenia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome Drug Interaction: Increase HT crisis w MAOIs, decrease levodopa effect w anticholinergics Lab: Increase in BUN, AST, ALT, ALP, LDH *Abrupt stopping can cause rebound parkinsonism. **High protein foods interfere w absorption. ***Avoid foods w Vitamin B6 (pyrid |
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pyridostigmine bromide (Mestinon)
Drug Class: Cholinesterase Inhibitors Pregnancy: C |
Uses: To control and treat Myasthenia gravis.
Action: Transmission of neuromuscular impulses by preventing destruction of ACh. Contraindications: GI/GU/ renal obstruction/ disorders Caution: Asthma, hypotension, bradycardia, peptic ulcer, dysrhythmias, hyperthyroidism, pregnancy Side Effects: N/V/D, Headache, dizziness, abdominal cramps, excess saliva, sweating, rash, miosis. Adverse Rxns: Hypotension, bradycardia *Life threat- Respiratory depression, bronchospasm, dysrhythmias, seizures. Drug Interaction: Decreases effect w atropine, muscle relaxants, antidysrhythmics, magnesium *Given before meals. **DO NOT add to IV fluids |
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carisoprodol (Soma)
Drug Class: Centrally acting Muscle relaxants Pregnancy: C |
Uses: To relax skeletal muscles, treat spasticity associated w stroke, spinal cord injury, MS and cerebral palsy
Action: Blocks interneuronal activity. Onset/Peak/Duration is short. Contraindications: Liver/renal disease Side Effects: N/V, dizziness, flushing, diplopia, confusion, drowsiness, ataxia, weakness, insomnia. Adverse Rxns: Tachycardia, hypotension, physical independence Drug Interactions: Alcohol, narcotics, sedative/hypnotics, antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressants increase effects. Increases risk of V-fib w Calcium channel blockers |
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tacrine (Cognex)
Drug Class: AChE inhibitor Pregnancy Category: C |
Uses: Improves memory loss. Action: Elevates acetylcholine concentration. Food decreases absorption Contraindications: Liver/renal disorders Side Effects: Anorexia, dizziness N/V/D, HA, constipation, rhinitis, dizziness, myalgia, depression. Adverse Rxns: *Life threat: Hepatotoxicity. Drug Interaction: Increase effect of theophiline, cimetidine Lab: Increase ALT, AST |
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tolterodine tartrate
(Detrol) Drug Class: Antimuscarinic/Anticholinergic Pregnancy: C |
Use: to decrease urinary frequency, urgency, incontinence Action: selectively blocks muscarinic receptors in bladder Contraindication: urine retention, gastric retention, uncontrolled glaucoma Side Effects: dry mouth/eyes, headache, dizzy, faint, nervous, N/V/D, ab. pain, dyspepsia, flatulence, dysuria, wt gain, arthralgia, urine retention, UTI, URI, rash, pruritis, dry skin Adverse Rxn: bronchitis, visual abnormalities, chest pain, HTN |
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zolpidem tartrate (Ambien)
Drug class: Sedative-hypnotic: Nonbenzodiazepine. CSS IV Pregnancy: B |
Uses: To treat insomnia
Action: Depression of CNS, neurotransmitter inhibition. Side Effects: Drowsiness, lethargy, hangover (residual sedation), irritability, anxiety, nausea, vomiting Adverse rxns: Tolerance, psychologic or physical dependence. **Food decreases absorption |
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sumatriptan (Imitrex)
Drug Class – 5-HT1 receptor agonist (antimigraine) Pregnancy: C |
Uses:To treat migraine and cluster headaches.
Action: Causes vasoconstriction of cranial carotid arteries to relieve migraine attacks Side Effects: fainting, tingling, numbness, dizziness, warm sensation, drowsiness, muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramping. Adverse Rxns: Hypotension, hypertension, heart block, angina, dysrhythmias, thromboembolism, seizures, CNS hemorrhage and stroke. *Life Threat: MI, Cardiac arrest, and coronary artery vasospasm. |