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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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epidemeology is:
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The study of the elements that influence the frequency, distribution, and causes of injury, disease and other health related events in a population.
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The first and most important question to ask yourself when making an ethical question:
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What does the patient really want?
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What are portions of protocols that may be completed before being required to contact medical direction?
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Standing Orders
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What is the leading cause of death in ages 1 to 44 years of age?
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Trauma
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Primary injury prevention is:
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injury prevention
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Secondary injury prevention is:
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post incident care that prevents further problems from an event that has already occurred.
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Tertiary injury prevention is:
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post incident rehabilitation that prevents further problems from an event that has already occurred.
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What is the teachable moment?
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the time after an injury/ incident in which a patient is acutely awareof what has occurred and may be more receptive to instruction on injury/ illness prevention.
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What are infectious diseases caused by?
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bacteria and viruses
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The first rule to keep in mind about body substances is:
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PLEASE treat all body substances as if they are contaminated.
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The most effective way to prevent contamination (of yourself and you patients) is:
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Wash your hands after every patient contact and after cleaning equipment.
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What should you do when contaminated by a patient?
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Immediately and thoroughly wash the area of contact, get a medical evaluation, get immunization boosters, document the occurance, and follow up with your doctors office.
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What are the signs and symptoms of tuberculosis?
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A bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer, chest pain, Coughing up blood or sputum, Weakness or fatigue, Weight loss, loss of appetite, Chills, Fever, night sweats
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Who is at most risk for tuberculosis?
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nursing home patients, alcoholics, indigent/ homeless persons, the elderly and AIDS patients.
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What is tort law?
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a civil wrong arising from an act or failure to act, independently of any contract, for which an action for personal injury or property damages may be brought
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Certification is:
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grants recognition to an individual who has met predetermined qualifications.
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Negligence is:
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Conduct that falls below the standard of care. This may be derived from not doing something you should or doing something you shouldn't .
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What is a duty to act?
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Duty to act is an obligation to provide care (employment or if you have begun service as a volunteer)
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What is proximate cause?
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Something that is directly the cause of damage (YOU).
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What is a standard of care?
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the degree of medical care and skill that is expected of a similarly trained health provider presented with the same circumstances.
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What four things are needed to convict an EMT of negligence?
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Duty to act, a failure of the standard of care, proximate cause and there must be quantifiable damage to the patient.
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What is libel?
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to damage a persons character, name or reputation with false and malicious WRITINGS.
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What is malfeasance?
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Malfeasance is hostile, aggressive action taken to injure the client's interests
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What is slander?
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to damage a persons character, name or reputation with false and malicious speaking.
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What is battery?
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the use of force against another, resulting in harmful or offensive contact
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What is assault?
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any intentional physical contact with another person without their consent
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What is false imprisonment?
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False imprisonment is the unlawful restraint of someone that affects the person’s freedom of movement. Both the threat of being physically confined and actually being physically confined can be considered false imprisonment
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What is abandonment?
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withdrawing support or help despite allegiance or responsibility without ensuring continuity of care.
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What is Nonfeasance?
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Nonfeasance is to ignore and take no indicated action (neglect)
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What is Misfeasance?
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Misfeasance is to take inappropriate action or give intentionally incorrect advice.
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What is Informed consent?
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Informed consent is expressed consent given by a patient that has had explained to them the risks and benefits from treatment or refusale of care.
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What is Implied consent?
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Consent that derives from the idea that the patient, though unconsious or of decreased mental status, would want to receive care.
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What is expressed consent?
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Consent that gives medical staff permission to perform care.
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What is anatomy?
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the study of the structure of an organsism and its parts
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What is physiology?
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the study of an organsisms normal bodily functions
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What is pathophysiology?
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the study of disease mechanisms
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What is homeostasis?
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the normal state of balance among all of the bodys systems and its constant effort to maintain it
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What does the mediastinum house and where is it located?
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the heart, the trachea, part of the esophagus, mainstem bronchi and large blood vessels. It is between the lungs.
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What does the peritoneum house and where is it located?
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the digestive organs
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What does the retroperitoneal space house and where is it located?
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the kidneys and major blood vessels. The retroperitoneal space is located behine the peritoneum.
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What organs are in the LUQ?
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stomach, spleen, pancreas, part of the large intestine, and the left kidney
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What organs are in the LLQ?
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appendix, part of the large intestine, right ovary, right ureter, half of the uterus, half of the urinary bladder
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What organs are in the RUQ?
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liver, gall bladder, part of the large intestine, and the right kidney
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What organs are in the RLQ?
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part of the large intestine, left ovary, left ureter, half of the uterus, half of the urinary bladder
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What does cellular permeability refer to?
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the rate at which substances pass through it
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What is diffusion?
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the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration untill equillibrium is met
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What is facilitated diffusion?
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the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration untill equillibrium is met by the use of a helper protien
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What is osmosis?
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when WATER moves from an area of lesser solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration until equilibrium is met. (water follows salt)
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What is tonicity?
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Tonicity is a measure of the osmotic pressure (as defined by the water potential of the two solutions) of two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane.
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What is osmotic pressure?
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the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane due to the difference between solute concentrations on both sides (in a cell).
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What does Isotonic refer to?
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This refers to the osmotic pressure of an IV fluid. Isotonic means the same osmotic pressure as normal body fluids. No change will occur to the cells.
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What does hypotonic refer to?
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This refers to the osmotic pressure of an IV fluid. Hypotonic means that the fluid has a lower osmotic pressure than the cell, this causes the water to rush into the cells (by osmosis) to equalize the tonicity - causing possible cell rupture.
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What does hypertonic refer to?
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This refers to the osmotic pressure of an IV fluid. Hypertonic means that the fluid has a greater osmotic pressure than the cells, the water rushes out of the cells to equalize tonicity causing possible crenation.
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1. The EMS physician’s oversight of the patient care aspects of the EMS Systems is referred to as what?
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Medical Direction
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Orders given to the EMT-B by telephone or radio are called what?
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On-line medical direction
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3. Attending conferences, watching EMS videos, or listening to lectures for the purpose of supplementing, or adding to, knowledge received in an original course is known as what?
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Continuing Education
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A reaction to death or dying where the patient says “Not me” is referred to as what?
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Denial
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Organisms that cause infections, such as viruses and bacteria, are called what?
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Pathogens
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Disposable gloves, eye shields, masks and gowns are known as what?
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Personal Protection Equipment
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The EMT-B’s ethical responsibilities and legal duties are called what?
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Duty to Act
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What’s the medical term for a Severe Allergic Reaction?
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Anaphylaxis
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14. A series of laws, varying in each state, designed to provide limited legal protection for citizens and some health-care personnel is called what?
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Good Samaritan laws
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The change from a liquid to a gas is called what?
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Evaporation
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What carries the oxygen to the muscles and the carbon dioxide away to the lungs?
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Red Blood cells
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An emergency move for the patient found in the sitting position in an automobile is called what?
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Rapid Extrication
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When treating a patient in shock, what’s the position that you should put this patient in?
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Trendelenburg
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In an adult patient, a pulse rate of 100 or higher is called what?
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Tachycardia
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Your unconscious patient is lying on the ground, you suspect trauma, and how do you open the airway?
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Jaw-Thrust
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What does AVPU stand for?
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Alert, responds to Verbal or Painful stimuli or the patient is Unresponsive
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If a patient is in shock, you would expect the skin to be what?
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Cool and clammy
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What does “DCAP-BTLS” stand for?
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Deformities Contustions Abrasions Punctures/Penetrations Burns Tenderness Lacerations Swelling
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What clue tells you that your patient has a “flail chest” segment?
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Paradoxical motion
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What does OPQRST mean?
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onset provokes quality radiates severity time
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Rough handling of a hypothermic patient may cause what?
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Ventricular Fibrillation
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A steady flow of dark red blood from a wound is bleeding from what?
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veinous
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A rapid, pulsing flow of bright red blood from a wound is bleeding from what?
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arterial
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Your best clue to the possibility of internal bleeding is what?
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Mechanism of injury
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A burn in which all layers of the skin are damaged is sometimes called what?
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Third-degree burn/ full thickness burn
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A burn in which the dermal layer of the skin is damaged is sometimes called what?
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second degree burn/ partial thickness
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A superficial burn in which only the epidermal layer of the skin is damaged is sometimes called what?
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first degree burn/ superficial burn
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The major problem cause by electrical shock is often not the burn itself, but what?
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Cardiac or Respiratory Arrest
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What is it called when the lung collapses and is filled with air?
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Pneumothorax
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What is it called when the lung collapses and is filled with blood and air?
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Hemo-Pneumothorax
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How many cervical bones are there??
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7
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How many Lumbar bones are there?
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5
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How many Thoracic bones are there?
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12
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How many total spinal bones are there?
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26
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What are the five R’s?
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Right patient, Right Dose, Right Route, Right Medication, Right Administration
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Accumulation of fluid in the lungs is known as what?
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Pulmonary Edema
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Accumulation of fluid in the feet or ankles.
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Pedal Edema
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The alcohol-withdrawal may experience seizures, a.k.a. know as what?
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Delirium Tremens (DT’s)
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Death of person due to a body position that restricts breathing for a prolonged time.
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Positional Asphyxia
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A condition in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall; a cause of prebirth bleeding.
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Abuptio Placentae
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What are the componnents of the glascow coma scale?
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Best eye response (E)There are 4 grades starting with the most severe:
1.No eye opening 2.Eye opening in response to pain. (Patient responds to pressure on the patient’s fingernail bed; if this does not elicit a response, supraorbital and sternal pressure or rub may be used.) 3.Eye opening to speech. (Not to be confused with an awaking of a sleeping person; such patients receive a score of 4, not 3.) 4.Eyes opening spontaneously [edit] Best verbal response (V)There are 5 grades starting with the most severe: 1.No verbal response 2.Incomprehensible sounds. (Moaning but no words.) 3.Inappropriate words. (Random or exclamatory articulated speech, but no conversational exchange) 4.Confused. (The patient responds to questions coherently but there is some disorientation and confusion.) 5.Oriented. (Patient responds coherently and appropriately to questions such as the patient’s name and age, where they are and why, the year, month, etc.) [edit] Best motor response (M)There are 6 grades starting with the most severe: 1.No motor response 2.Extension to pain (abduction of arm, internal rotation of shoulder, pronation of forearm, extension of wrist, decerebrate response) 3.Abnormal flexion to pain (adduction of arm, internal rotation of shoulder, pronation of forearm, flexion of wrist, decorticate response) 4.Flexion/Withdrawal to pain (flexion of elbow, supination of forearm, flexion of wrist when supra-orbital pressure applied ; pulls part of body away when nailbed pinched) 5.Localizes to pain. (Purposeful movements towards painful stimuli; e.g., hand crosses mid-line and gets above clavicle when supra-orbital pressure applied.) 6.Obeys commands. (The patient does simple things as asked.) |
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What does decordicate and decerebrate positioning indicate?
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spinal or brain trauma
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The inability or difficulty in swallowing due to medical or traumatic causes.
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Dysphasia
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A cation or anion in solution that conducts an electric current??
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Electrolyte
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A yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera of the eyes, caused by a greater than normal amount of bilirubin in the blood.
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Jaundice
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An occasional deep, audible inspiration that usually is insignificant.
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Sighing
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what is the most common adult airway obstruction.
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the tounge
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which are the solid organs in the quadrants?
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liver, spleen, pancreas, ovaries, kidneys
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which are the hollow organs in the quadrants?
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small and large intestine, gall bladder, appendix, uterus, urinary bladder, uterers
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How do you control bleeding?
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The PET process: pressure, elevate, tourniquet (pressure points after elevate for those more learned)
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