Emt-I Class

Front 1

What is Perffusion

Back 1

The delivery of oxygen and the removal of waste products.

Front 2

What is shock

Back 2

Lack of adequate tissue perfusion.

Front 3

What is anaerobic metabolism

Back 3

Without O2

Front 4

What is areobic metabolism

Back 4

With O2

Front 5

What is homeostasis

Back 5

The act of seeking balance

Front 6

The renal system is what type of system

Back 6

Buffer system.

Front 7

What is the first system to shut down when you go into shock

Back 7

Renal system

Front 8

What are the four components of the Frick principle

Back 8

1. Adequate concentration of inspired oxygen.
2. On-loading of oxygen to red blood cells at lungs.
3. Delivery of red blood cells to tissue cells.
4. Off-loading of oxygen from red blood cells to tissue cells.

Front 9

Where are the Baroreceptors located

Back 9

They are located in the walls of atria, vena cava, aortic arch, and carotid sinus.

Front 10

What is Preload

Back 10

Is when the heart muscle is stretched as chambers fill with blood between contractions.

Front 11

What is afterload

Back 11

Is pressure ventricular muscles must generate to overcome higher pressure in aorta.

Front 12

What is the most abundant substance in the human body

Back 12

Water

Front 13

Body fluid is divided into two main compartments

Back 13

Intracellular and extracellular

Front 14

Fluid that is found within individual cells

Back 14

Intracellular

Front 15

Fluid that is found outside of cell membranes

Back 15

extracellular

Front 16

Salts that break up into ions (electrically charged particles) are called

Back 16

Electrolytes

Front 17

What are the two types of ions

Back 17

Cations and anions

Front 18

Essential cations (positiviely charged) include

Back 18

Sodium (Na+)
Potassium (K+)
Calcium (Ca2+)
Magnesium (Mg2+)

Front 19

Essential anions )Negitively charged) include

Back 19

Chloride (C1-)
Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
Phosphate (HPO4 2-)

Front 20

Electrolytes are measured in

Back 20

milliequivalents per liter(mEq/L)

Front 21

Body fluid also contains

Back 21

nonelectrolytes

Front 22

Diffusion

Back 22

Movement of particles (solutes)from area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration until all substances are scettered evenly through available space.

Front 23

Facilitated Diffusion

Back 23

"Transport proteins" assist many molecules and ions in deffusing accross cell membrane.

Front 24

Osmosis

Back 24

Movement of water accross semipermeable membrane.

Front 25

Active Transport

Back 25

Moves solutes against their concentration gradients accross cell membrane from side of lower concentration to side of higher concentration.

Front 26

What are the three functions that blood has

Back 26

Transportation, regulation, and protection

Front 27

Blood cells include

Back 27

Erythrocytes (red blood cells) and Leukocytes (white blood cells)

Front 28

Erythrocytes have the ability to carry

Back 28

Oxygen

Front 29

Leukocytes

Back 29

Destroy foreign organisms by producing antibodies or directly attacking and killing bacteria.

Front 30

Platelets

Back 30

are formed elements suspended in plasma.

Front 31

Acid is

Back 31

Substance that increases concentration of hydrogen ions in water solution.

Front 32

Base is

Back 32

Substance that decreases concentration of hydrogen ions.

Front 33

Fewer hydrogen ions mean

Back 33

Higher pH

Front 34

More hydrogen ions mean

Back 34

Lower pH

Front 35

pH above 7.45 is called

Back 35

Alkalosis

Front 36

pH below 7.35 is referred to as

Back 36

Acidosis

Front 37

Buffer systems

Back 37

are fast acting defenses.

Front 38

Respiration

Back 38

Plays a vital role in maintaining acid-base balance by regulating concentration of carbon dioxide (and subsequently amount of carbonic acidI in body.

Front 39

Decreased ventilation

Back 39

Increases carbon dioxide and carbonic acid (and therefore hydrogen ions) in the blood, thereby decreasing blood pH.

Front 40

What is the most common cause of Respiratory acidosis

Back 40

Hyperventilation

Front 41

Respiratory alkalosis
(carbonic acid deficit)

Back 41

Occurs when exhalation of carbon dioxide is exxcessive.

Front 42

Metabolic acidosis
(base bicarbonate deficit)

Back 42

Occurs when level of bicarbonate (base) is low in relation to carbonic acid levels.

Front 43

Metabolic alkalosis (bicarbonate excess)

Back 43

Occurs when level of bicarbonate is high.

Front 44

Compensated (Nonprogressive)shock

Back 44

Earliest stage of shock

Front 45

decompensated (progressive) shock

Back 45

Occurs when blood volume drops more than 15-25%

Front 46

Irreversible shock

Back 46

Rapid deterioration of cardiovascular system that cannot be helped by compensatory mechanisms or medical intervention.

Front 47

All types of shock

Back 47

Are due to underlying lack of tissue perfusion.

Front 48

Hypovolemic shock

Back 48

Caused be loss of blood or fluid from the body.

Front 49

Cardiogenic shock

Back 49

Caused by profound failure of heart, primarily left ventricle.

Front 50

Neurogenic shock

Back 50

Nervous system is no longer able to control blood vessel diameter (seen in spinal cord injury).

Front 51

Anaphylactic shock

Back 51

severe response to substance to which patient is extremely allergic (antigen).

Front 52

septic shock

Back 52

Caused by overwhelming infection (usually bacterial) that leads to massive vasodialation.

Front 53

Obstructive shock

Back 53

Obstructs blood flow somewhere in the cardiac system (perricardial tampenade, tention phneumothorax, pulmanary embolism)

Front 54

Distributive shock

Back 54

Has Neurogenic, Anaphylactic, and Septic shock in the same category, due to dilation of blood vessels.