Emt Ch4 Human Body

Front 1

anatomical position

Back 1

standard reference position for the body in the study of anatomy. Body is standing erect, facing forward with arms down, palms of hands forward.

Front 2

physiology

Back 2

study of body function

Front 3

anatomy

Back 3

study of body structure

Front 4

plane

Back 4

flat surface formed when slicing through a solid object

Front 5

midline

Back 5

an imaginary line drawn down the center of the body, dividing it into right and left

Front 6

medial

Back 6

toward the midline of the body

Front 7

lateral

Back 7

to the side; away from the midline of the body

Front 8

bilateral

Back 8

both sides of the body

Front 9

mid-axillary

Back 9

line drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle

Front 10

anterior

Back 10

front of the body

Front 11

posterior

Back 11

back of the body

Front 12

ventral

Back 12

referring to the front of the body (also anterior)

Front 13

dorsal

Back 13

referring to the back of the body (also posterior)

Front 14

superior

Back 14

toward the head

Front 15

inferior

Back 15

away from the head

Front 16

proximal

Back 16

closer to the torso

Front 17

distal

Back 17

away from the torso

Front 18

torso

Back 18

trunk of the body

Front 19

palmar

Back 19

referring to the palm of the hand

Front 20

plantar

Back 20

referring to the sole of the foot

Front 21

mid-clavicular line

Back 21

a line through the center of each clavicle

Front 22

abdominal quadrants

Back 22

4 divisions of the abdomen
LUQ, RUQ, LLQ, RLQ

Front 23

supine

Back 23

lying on the back

Front 24

recovery position

Back 24

laying on the side (also lateral recumbent position)

Front 25

prone

Back 25

lying face down

Front 26

fowler's position

Back 26

sitting position

Front 27

trendelenberg position

Back 27

position at which patient's feet and legs are higher than the head (also shock position)

Front 28

musculoskeletal system

Back 28

system of bones and skeletal muscles that protect the body and permit movement

Front 29

skeleton

Back 29

bones of the body

Front 30

muscle

Back 30

tissue that contracts to allow movement of body

Front 31

ligament

Back 31

tissue that connects bone to bone

Front 32

tendon

Back 32

tissue that connects muscle to bone

Front 33

skull

Back 33

bony structure of the head

Front 34

cranium

Back 34

top, back and sides of skull

Front 35

mandible

Back 35

lower jaw bone

Front 36

maxillae

Back 36

2 fused bones forming the upper jaw

Front 37

nasal bone

Back 37

nose bone

Front 38

orbits

Back 38

boney structure around the eyes

Front 39

zygomatic arches

Back 39

form the structure of the cheek

Front 40

vertebrae

Back 40

33 bones of the spinal column

Front 41

thorax

Back 41

the chest

Front 42

sternum

Back 42

breastbone

Front 43

manubrium

Back 43

the superior portion of the sternum

Front 44

zyphoid process

Back 44

the inferior portion of the sternum

Front 45

pelvis

Back 45

basin shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extermities

Front 46

ilium

Back 46

the superior and widest portion of the pelvis

Front 47

ischium

Back 47

the lower posterior portion of the pelvis

Front 48

pubis

Back 48

the medial anterior portion of the pelvis

Front 49

acetabulum

Back 49

the pelvic socket in which the ball of the proximal end of the femur fits in to form the hip joint

Front 50

femur

Back 50

large bone of the thigh

Front 51

patella

Back 51

the kneecap

Front 52

tibia

Back 52

the medial and large bone of the lower leg

Front 53

fibula

Back 53

the lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg

Front 54

malleolus

Back 54

protrusion of the side of the ankle

Front 55

tarsals

Back 55

ankle bones

Front 56

metatarsals

Back 56

foot bones

Front 57

calcaneus

Back 57

heel bone

Front 58

phalanges

Back 58

toe bones and finger bones

Front 59

clavicle

Back 59

collar bone

Front 60

scapula

Back 60

shoulder blade

Front 61

acromion process

Back 61

the highest portion of the shoulder

Front 62

acromioclavicular joint

Back 62

the joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet

Front 63

humerous

Back 63

the bone of the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow

Front 64

radius

Back 64

the lateral bone of the forearm

Front 65

ulna

Back 65

the medial bone of the forearm

Front 66

carpals

Back 66

the wrist bones

Front 67

metacarpals

Back 67

the hand bones

Front 68

joint

Back 68

the point where 2 bones come together

Front 69

voluntary muscle

Back 69

muscle that can be consciously controlled

Front 70

involuntary muscle

Back 70

responds automatically

Front 71

cardiac muscle

Back 71

specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart

Front 72

automatcity

Back 72

the ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses

Front 73

respiratory system

Back 73

system of nose, mouth, throat, lungs and muscles; brings oxygen to the body and expels carbon dioxides

Front 74

oropharynx

Back 74

area directy posterior to the mouth

Front 75

nasopharynx

Back 75

area directly posterior to the nose

Front 76

pharynx

Back 76

the area directly posterior to the nose and mouth; made up of oropharynx and nasopharynx

Front 77

epiglottis

Back 77

leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreigh matter from entering trachea

Front 78

larynx

Back 78

voice box

Front 79

crichoid cartilage

Back 79

the ring shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx

Front 80

trachea

Back 80

wind pipe; the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs

Front 81

lung

Back 81

organs where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place

Front 82

bronchi

Back 82

2 large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs, right and left, (singular: bronchus)

Front 83

alveoli

Back 83

microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with bloodstream takes place

Front 84

diaphragm

Back 84

muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity; major muscle of respiration

Front 85

inhalation

Back 85

active process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding to the size of the chest cavity

Front 86

exhalation

Back 86

passive process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and disphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease

Front 87

cardiovascular system

Back 87

system made up of heart and blood vessels (also circulatory system)

Front 88

atria

Back 88

2 upper chambers of the heart

Front 89

ventricles

Back 89

2 lower chambers of the heart

Front 90

venae cavae

Back 90

the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava, 2 major veins return blood from the body to the right atrium

Front 91

valve

Back 91

a structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in one direction

Front 92

cardiac conduction system

Back 92

system of specialized muscle tissues which conduct electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat

Front 93

artery

Back 93

any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart

Front 94

coronary arteries

Back 94

blood vessels that supply the muscles of the heart

Front 95

aorta

Back 95

largest artery in the body; transports blood from left ventricle to begin systematic circulation

Front 96

pulmonary arteries

Back 96

the vessels that carry blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs

Front 97

carotid arteries

Back 97

large neck arteries; one on each side that carry blood from the heart to the head

Front 98

femoral artery

Back 98

major artery supplying the leg

Front 99

brachial artery

Back 99

artery of the upper arm

Front 100

radial artery

Back 100

artery of the lower arm

Front 101

posterior tibial artery

Back 101

artery supplying the foot behind the medial ankle

Front 102

dorsalis pedis artery

Back 102

artery supplying the foot lateral to the large tendon of the big toe

Front 103

arteriole

Back 103

smallest kind of artery

Front 104

capillary

Back 104

thin-walled microscopic blood vessel where the oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrient waste exchange with the body's cells take place

Front 105

venule

Back 105

smallest kink of vein

Front 106

vein

Back 106

any blood vessel returning blood to the heart

Front 107

pulmonary veins

Back 107

vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

Front 108

plasma

Back 108

fluid portion of the blood

Front 109

red blood cells

Back 109

components of the blood that carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from the cells

Front 110

white blood cells

Back 110

components of the blood that produce substances that help the body fight infection

Front 111

platelets

Back 111

components of the blood; membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells

Front 112

pulse

Back 112

a rhymic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries

Front 113

peripheral pulses

Back 113

the radial, bronchial, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis pulses, which can be felt at peripheral or outlying points of the body

Front 114

central pulses

Back 114

the carotid and femoral pulses which can be felt in the central part of the body

Front 115

blood pressure

Back 115

the pressure caused by blood exerting force against the walls of blood vessels

Front 116

systolic blood pressure

Back 116

the pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood into circulation

Front 117

diastolic blood pressure

Back 117

the pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling

Front 118

perfusion

Back 118

the supply of oxygen to and removal of waste from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of flow of blood through the capillaries

Front 119

hypoperfusion

Back 119

inadequate perfusion of the cells and tissues of the body caused by insufficient flow of blood through the capillaries aka shock

Front 120

nervous system

Back 120

the system of brain, spinal cord and nerves that govern sensation, movement and thought

Front 121

ilium

Back 121

the superior and widest portion of the pelvis

Front 122

ischium

Back 122

the lower posterior portion of the pelvis

Front 123

pubis

Back 123

the medial anterior portion of the pelvis

Front 124

acetabulum

Back 124

the pelvic socket in which the ball of the proximal end of the femur fits in to form the hip joint

Front 125

femur

Back 125

large bone of the thigh

Front 126

patella

Back 126

the kneecap

Front 127

tibia

Back 127

the medial and large bone of the lower leg

Front 128

fibula

Back 128

the lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg

Front 129

malleolus

Back 129

protrusion of the side of the ankle

Front 130

tarsals

Back 130

ankle bones

Front 131

metatarsals

Back 131

foot bones

Front 132

calcaneus

Back 132

heel bone

Front 133

phalanges

Back 133

toe bones and finger bones

Front 134

clavicle

Back 134

collar bone

Front 135

scapula

Back 135

shoulder blade

Front 136

ilium

Back 136

the superior and widest portion of the pelvis

Front 137

ischium

Back 137

the lower posterior portion of the pelvis

Front 138

pubis

Back 138

the medial anterior portion of the pelvis

Front 139

acetabulum

Back 139

the pelvic socket in which the ball of the proximal end of the femur fits in to form the hip joint

Front 140

femur

Back 140

large bone of the thigh

Front 141

patella

Back 141

the kneecap

Front 142

tibia

Back 142

the medial and large bone of the lower leg

Front 143

fibula

Back 143

the lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg

Front 144

malleolus

Back 144

protrusion of the side of the ankle

Front 145

tarsals

Back 145

ankle bones

Front 146

metatarsals

Back 146

foot bones

Front 147

calcaneus

Back 147

heel bone

Front 148

phalanges

Back 148

toe bones and finger bones

Front 149

clavicle

Back 149

collar bone

Front 150

scapula

Back 150

shoulder blade

Front 151

central nervous system

Back 151

brain and spinal cord

Front 152

peripheral nervous system

Back 152

the nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord

Front 153

autonomic nervous system

Back 153

the division of peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions

Front 154

digestive system

Back 154

system in which food travels through the body and is digested or broken down into absorbable forms

Front 155

stomach

Back 155

muscular sac between the espohagus and the small intestine where digestion of food begins

Front 156

small intestine

Back 156

the muscular tube between the stomache and large intestine which receives partially digested food from the stomach and continues digestion; nutrients are absorbed by the body through its walls

Front 157

large intestine

Back 157

the muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from the small intestine and moves anything not absorbed by the body toward excretion from the body

Front 158

liver

Back 158

the largest organ of the body; produces bile to assist in breakdown of fat and assists in the metabolism of various substances in the body

Front 159

gall bladder

Back 159

a sac on the underside of the liver that stores bile produces by the liver

Front 160

pancreas

Back 160

gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in digestion of food in the duodenum of the small intestine

Front 161

divisions of the small intestine

Back 161

duodenum, jejunum and ileum

Front 162

spleen

Back 162

organ located in the LUQ of the abdomen that acts as a bllod filtration system and reservoir for reserves of blood

Front 163

appendix

Back 163

small tube located near the junction of the small and large intestines in the RLQ of the abdomen

Front 164

skin

Back 164

layer of tissue between the body and external environment

Front 165

epidermis

Back 165

outer layer of skin

Front 166

dermis

Back 166

the inner layer of skin rich in blood vessels and nerves

Front 167

subcutaneous layers

Back 167

layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis

Front 168

endocrine system

Back 168

system of glands that produce chemicals called hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions

Front 169

insulin

Back 169

a hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as medication by many diabetics

Front 170

epinephrine

Back 170

a hormone produced by the body as a medication it dialates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions