Emt Ch 30 31

Front 1

types of muscle tissue

Back 1

Voluntary: skeletal, persons free will
Involuntary: smooth, digestive
Cardiac: heart

Front 2

ligament

Back 2

connects bone to bone

Front 3

tendon

Back 3

connect muscle to bone

Front 4

Sprain vs Strain

Back 4

Sprain: injury to a joint capsule, with damage to or tearing of the connective tissue, usually involves ligaments
Strain: Injury to muscle or a muscle and tendon, possibly caused by overextension, or over stretching

Front 5

Direct force

Back 5

occurs at the point of impact

Front 6

Indirect force

Back 6

impacts on one end of a limb causing injury some distance away from the point of impact

Front 7

Twisting force

Back 7

one part of the extremity remains stationary while the rest twist(pot hole)

Front 8

Different types of fractures

Back 8

Comminuted
Impacted
Greenstick
Oblique
Spiral
Transvers

Front 9

Two areas of concern for blood loss

Back 9

Pelvic and Femur

Front 10

contraindications of traction and splinting of femur

Back 10

the injury is within 1-2 inches of the knee or ankle
the knee itself has been injured
the hip has been injured
the pelvis has been injured
there is partial amputation or avulsion

Front 11

Open vs closed fracture

Back 11

open-break in the skin
closed- no break in the skin

Front 12

S/S of fracture

Back 12

pain
tenderness
deformity
discoloration
paresthesia (tingling)
anesthesia (loss of feeling)
paresis (weakness)
paralysis (loss of muscle control)
decrease in pulse amplitude

Front 13

Emergency care for fracture

Back 13

BSI
O2
C-spine
Splint bone and joint injuries (PMS)
Apply cold pack to the painful swollen or deformed extremity
Elevate extremity (if spinal injury not suspected)
Transport

Front 14

Parestesia

Back 14

Tingling or abnormal abnormal sensation, may indicate nerve injury

Front 15

Reason for splinting

Back 15

Prevents movement of any bone fragments, bone ends, or joints, reducing the chance of further injury.
Reduces pain

Front 16

General rules before splinting

Back 16

Assess PMS before and after, every 15 min
Immobilize above and below
Remove clothing around injury(remove jewelry)
Cover wounds before splinting
Align limb with manual traction
Never replace protruding bones
Pad splint
Apply splint before moving patient
When in doubt SPLINT
If showing signs of shock transport immediately without taking time to apply splint

Front 17

Pathological vs traumatic fracture

Back 17

Patho- takes little force to break (disease associated with it, Osteoporosis)

Front 18

When using an air splint be careful not to...

Back 18

decrease circulation in extremity

Front 19

Compartment syndrome

Back 19

The pressure in the space around the capillaries exceeds the pressure needed to perfuse the tissues, the blood flow is cut off and the cells become hypoxic, leading to compartment syndrome

Front 20

3 types of meninges

Back 20

Duramater: outermost
Arachnoid: Middle layer
Pia Mater: in contact with the brain

Front 21

Cerebrum

Back 21

Largest part of brain
3/4 the brains volume
Responsible for most conscious and sensory functions, the emotions, and personality
(not attached to inside of the skull)

Front 22

Cerebellum

Back 22

Controls equilibrium
coordinates muscle activity

Front 23

Brainstem

Back 23

Controls automatic functions
cardiac
respiratory
vasomotor (blood pressure)

Front 24

Basiler skull fracture

Back 24

Base of skull
cause leakage of cerrospinal fluid from the ears, nose, or mouth
Ecchymosis (bruise-type discoloration) around the eyes and behind the ears

Front 25

diff types of cranial fractures

Back 25

linear
depressed
closed
open
basilar