Emt - Bleeding And Shock

Front 1

erythrocytes

Back 1

RBCs, carries oxygen, hemoglobin, dark red blood has a decreased amount of oxygen

Front 2

leukocytes

Back 2

WBCs, destroys foreign organisms, produces antibodies

Front 3

platelets

Back 3

essential for blood clotting

Front 4

functions of blood

Back 4

transportation, regulation, protection

Front 5

blood vessels

Back 5

ateries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

Front 6

priority demand of oxygen

Back 6

the heart, the brain, the lungs, the kidneys

Front 7

hemorrhage

Back 7

bleedings

Front 8

average male has how many liters of blood

Back 8

6 L

Front 9

how many L/ml is dangerous to loos in adults and children

Back 9

1 L in adults

100-200 ml in children

Front 10

aterial bleeding characteristics

Back 10

bright red and spurts

Front 11

venous bleeding characteristics

Back 11

dark red and does not spurt

Front 12

capillary bleeding characteristics

Back 12

oozes out and controlled easily

Front 13

hemmorrhage assessment

Back 13

amount of visible blood loss is not a good way to judge the severity

serious injuries do not always bleed heavily,

blood thinners will hinder a person's clotting factor

Front 14

CONTROLLING EXTERNAL BLEEDING

Back 14

direct pressure

elevation

pressure on pressure point

tourniquet

Front 15

PASG

Back 15

pneumatic antishock garment

Front 16

MAST

Back 16

military antishock trousers

Front 17

PASG helps to stabilize

Back 17

pelvis and femur fractures

Front 18

absolute contraindications for PASG

Back 18

pulmonary edema (COPD & CHF)

Front 19

relative contraindications for PASG

Back 19

pregnancy

penetrating chest wounds

groin injuries

major head injuries

Front 20

best tourniquet is

Back 20

bp cuff

Front 21

applying a tourniquet

Back 21

if bp cuff not available, fold a triangular bandage into 4" cravat

wrap bandage

use a stick as a handle to twist and secure

write "TK" and time and place on pt.

Front 22

emergency medical care

Back 22

BSI/scene safe

maintain airway and give oxygen

control external bleedings and care for any internal bleeding

monitor and record vital signs

elevate legs and keep patient warm

transport immediately to hospital

Front 23

hematemesis

Back 23

blood in vomit

Front 24

melena

Back 24

black, tarry stool (digestive bleeding)

Front 25

hemoptysis

Back 25

coughing up blood (bleeding in lungs/trachea?)

Front 26

hematchezia

Back 26

bright red blood in stool (lower GI bleed)

Front 27

hematuria

Back 27

blood in urine (kidneys)

Front 28

signs and symptoms of internal bleeding

Back 28

hematemesis, melena, hematchezia, hemoptysis, hematuria, pain, tenderness, bruising, or swelling, broken ribs, bruised over the chest, rigid/distended abdomen

Front 29

signs of shock/hypoperfusion

Back 29

altered LOC, tachycardia, weakness, thirst, nausea and vomiting, cold moist skin, shallow rapid breathing, labored irregular breathing, dull eyes, dilated pupils, decreased bp

Front 30

progression of shock

Back 30

compensated shock, decompensated shock, irreversible shock

Front 31

compensated shock

Back 31

early stages of shock, while body can still conpensate for blood loss (pale, moist, tachy)

Front 32

signs and symptoms of compensated shock

Back 32

altered LOC, usually restless, increased pulse rate, increased respiratory rate, pale, cook skin

Front 33

decompensated shock

Back 33

2nd stage, blood volume drops 15-25%, immediate medical intervention is required to reverse the changes

Front 34

S/S of decompensated shock

Back 34

additiona increases in pulse and respirations, cool clammy skin, decreased capillary refill, thirst, narrowin of pulse pressure, sweating, increased anxiety and confusion, nausea and vomiting, hypotension

Front 35

irreversible shock

Back 35

rapid deterioration of cardovascular system, life-threatening reducation in cardiac output, bp, and tissue perfusion occure, organs begin to falter

Front 36

S/S irreversible shock

Back 36

marked decrease in level of responsiveness (Glasgow score 7 or below), decreased respiratory rate and effort, profound hypotension and inability to palpate a pulse, decrease in the pulse rate from too fast to too slow

Front 37

causes of shock

Back 37

the pump, the fluid, the container

Front 38

types of shock

Back 38

S - septic shock
H - hypovolemic shock
R - respiratory shock
M - metabolic shock
P - psychogenic shock
C - cardiogenic shock
A - Anaphylactic shock
N - neurogenic shock

Front 39

Pump Failure (cardiogenic shock)

Back 39

Inadequate function of the heart; heart muscle can no longer generateenough pressure to circulate blood to all organs; causes a backup of blood into the lungs; results in pulmonary edema (CHF, Lside heart failure, massive heart attack)

Front 40

Low Fluid Failure (hypovolemic shock)

Back 40

results fromfluid or blood loss; not enough blood is available to circulate; burns can lead to loss of plasma; loss of water from body tissues aggravates shock (trauma)

Front 41

Container failure (neurogenic shock)

Back 41

injury to the cervical spine; all blood vessels spontaneously dilate causing a severe drop in bp; rapid drop in body temperature also occurs (severe trauma)

Front 42

Septic shock

Back 42

caused by severe baterial infections, toxins, or infected tissues; toxins damage vessel walls, causing them to leak and become unable to contract well; leads to dilation of vessels and loss of plasma, causing shock

Front 43

anaphylactic shock - poor vessel function

Back 43

occurs when a person reacts violently to a substance like injections, stings, ingestion, inhalation