Emt-Basic Course 10-12

Front 1

Alveolar Ventilation

Back 1

The amount of inspired air that reaches the alveoli of the lungs

= (tidal volume - dead space) x respiratory rate

Front 2

Bradypnea

Back 2

A breathing rate that is slower than the normal rate

Front 3

Cricoid Pressure

Back 3

Pressure applies to the cricoid cartilage to compress the esophagus. May aid in visualizing the glottic opening or perhaps reducing gastric distension

Aka the Selleck maneuver

Front 4

Cyanosis

Back 4

A bluish color of the skin and mucous membranes that indicates poor oxygenation of tissue

Front 5

Dead Air Space

Back 5

Inspired air that fills the respiratory tract but never reaches the alveoli of the lungs

Front 6

External Respiration

Back 6

The gas exchange process that occurs between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries

Front 7

Gastric Distention

Back 7

Inflation of the stomach

Front 8

Hypoperfusion

Back 8

The insufficient supply of oxygen and other nutrients to some of the body;s cells that results from inadequate circulation of blood

Aka shock

Front 9

Hypoxia

Back 9

A reduction of oxygen delivery to the tissues

Front 10

Internal Respiration

Back 10

The gas exchange process that occurs between the cells and the capillaries

Front 11

Minute Volume

Back 11

The amount of air breathed in an out in one minute (aka minute ventilation)

=respiratory rate x tidal volume

Front 12

Oxygenation

Back 12

The process by which the blood and cells become saturated with oxygen

Front 13

Positive Pressure Ventilation

(PPV)

Back 13

Method of aiding a patient whose breathing in inadequate b forcing air into the lungs

Front 14

Residual Volume

Back 14

The air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation

Front 15

Respiration

Back 15

The exchange of oxygen and CO2 that takes place during inhalation and exhalation

Broken down into pulmonary ventilation (mechanical), external respiration, internal respiration, and cellular respiration/metabolism

Front 16

Respiratory Arrest

Back 16

Complete stoppage of breathing (aka apnea)

Front 17

Respiratory Distress

Back 17

A condition in which a person is working harder than normally to breathe (aka breathing difficulty)

Front 18

Respiratory Failure

Back 18

Insufficient respiratory rate and/or tidal volume

Front 19

Tachypnea

Back 19

A breathing rate that is faster than the normal rate

Front 20

Tidal Volume

Back 20

The amount of air breathed in and out in one normal respiration

Front 21

Ventilation

Back 21

The passage of air into and out of the lungs

Front 22

Carina

Back 22

The point at which the trachea splits into the right and left mainstream bronchi

Front 23

Normal Respiratory Rates

Back 23

• Adult: 8 - 24 breathes per minute
  
• Adolescent: 12 - 20
  
• Child: 15 - 30 breathes per minutes
  
• Infant: 25 - 50 breathes per minutes
  
• Newborn: 30 - 60
  

Front 24

Auscultation

Back 24

Listening for sounds within the body with a stethoscope

One of the two ways to measure BP

Front 25

Bradycardia

Back 25

A heart rate slower than 60 bpm in an adult

Being an intense cardio athlete could impact this

Front 26

Capillary Refill

Back 26

The amount of time it takes for capillaries that have been compressed to refill with blood

More reliable in infants and younger children

Front 27

Constricted

Back 27

Narrowed, made smaller

Front 28

Diastolic Blood Pressure

Back 28

The pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries while the left ventricle of the heart is at rest

Front 29

Dialated

Back 29

Expanded, made large

Front 30

Orthostatic Vital Signs

Back 30

A comparison of BP and heart rate readings while a patient is supine and while sitting upright of standing

Front 31

Palpation

Back 31

Feeling, as for a pulse

When recording BP list the firs tone you feel as [BP/P]

Front 32

Pulse Oximetry

Back 32

Measurement of blood oxygen saturation level

Reported as SpO2

Does not distinguish between oxygen and CO

Front 33

Pulse Pressure

Back 33

The difference between the systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure

Front 34

Pulsus Paradoxus

Back 34

A decrease in pulse strength during inhalation

Front 35

Systolic Blood Pressure

Back 35

The amount of pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries when left ventricle contracts and ejects blood

Front 36

Tachycardia

Back 36

A heart rate greater than 100 bpm per minute in an adult

Anxiety may cause heart rate to be higher

Front 37

Vital Signs

Back 37

Assessments related to breathing, pulse, skin, pupils, and blood pressure

Front 38

Average Pulse Rate Across Age

Back 38

• Adult: 60 - 100 bpm
• Elderly: 90 bpm
• Adolescent: 60 - 105 bpm
• Child (5-12): 60 - 120 bpm
• Child(1-5): 80 - 150 bpm
• Infant: 120 - 150 bpm
• Newborn: 100 - 180 bpm

Front 39

Systolic blood pressure approximations for Male, Female, and Children

Back 39

• Adult Male: 100 + age
• Adult Female: 90 + age
• Child (1-10): 80 + (age x 2)
• Childe (>10): Min. of 90

Front 40

"SAMPLE" history

Back 40

• Signs (objective findings) and Symptoms (subjective, reported)
  
• Allergies
  
• Medication
  
• Pertinent Medical History
  
• Last oral intake
  
• Events leading up to injury/illness
  

Front 41

"OPQRST"

Back 41

Mnemonic for assessing complaints

Provocation/Palliation/Position (makes better/worse)

Quality (describe pain)

Severity (1 to 1o)

Time (how long has it been present)

Front 42

Index of Suspicion

Back 42

An anticipation that certain types of accidents and mechanisms will produce specific types of injuries

Front 43

Mechanism of Injury

Back 43

The factors and forces that cause traumatic injury

Front 44

Medical

Back 44

Concerning illness

Brought on by substances or environmental factors that affect the function of the body

Front 45

Nature of Illness

Back 45

The type of medical condition or complaint a patient is suffering from

Front 46

Personal Protective Equipment

(PPE)

Back 46

Items that protect against injury and disease

Front 47

Scene Saftey

Back 47

Steps taken to ensure the safety and well-being of the EMT, his partners, patients, and bystanders

Front 48

Trauma

Back 48

Concerning injury

Physical injury or wound caused by external force or violence

Front 49

Scene Size Up

Back 49

An assessment of the scene for saftey hazards and to determine the nature of the patients problem and the number of patients