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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Air embolism
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Air bubbles in the blood vessels
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Ambient temperature
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The temperature of the surrounding environment
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antivenin
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A serum to counteract the effects of venom from an animal or insect
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bends
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The common name for decompression sickness
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Bradycardia
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Slow heart rate, less than 60 beats a minute
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Breath-holding syncope
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Loss of consciousness caused by decreased breathing stimulus
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Conduction
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The loss of heat by direct contact (e.g. When a body part comes into contact with a colder object)
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Convection
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The loss of body heat caused by air movement (e.g. Breeze blowing across the body)
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Core temperature
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The temperature of the central part of the body (the heart, lungs, and vital organs)
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Decompression sickness
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A painful condition seen in divers who ascend too quickly, in which gas, especially nitrogen, forms bubbles in blood vessels and other tissues; also called the bends
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Diving reflex
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Slowing of the heart rate caused by his immersion in cold water
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Drowning
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Death from suffocation by submersion in water
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Electrolytes
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Certain salts and other chemicals that are dissolved in body fluids and cells
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Evaporation
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Conversion of water or another fluid from a liquid to a gas
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Frostbite
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Damage to tissues as the result of exposure to cold; frozen body parts
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Heat cramps
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Painful muscle spasms usually associated with vigorous activity in a hot environment
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Heat exhaustion
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A form of heat injury in which the body loses significant amounts of fluid and electrolytes, because of heavy sweating; also called heat prostration or heat collapse
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Heatstroke
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A life-threatening condition of severe hyperthermia caused by exposure to excessive natural or artificial heat, marked by warm, dry skin; severely altered mental status; and often irreversible coma
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Hyperbaric chamber
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A chamber, usually a small room, pressurized more than atmospheric pressure
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Hyperthermia
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A condition in which core temperature rises to 101°F (38.3°C) or more
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Hypothermia
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A condition in which core temperature falls below 95°F (35°C) after exposure to cold environment
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laryngospasm
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A severe constriction of the larynx and vocal cords
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Near drowning
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Survival, at least temporarily, after suffocation in water
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Radiation
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The transfer of heat to colder objects in the environment by radiant energy, for example, heat gained from a fire
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Respiration
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A loss of body heat as warm air in the lungs is exhaled into the atmosphere and cooler air is inhaled
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Reverse triage
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A triage process in which efforts are focused on those who are in respiratory and cardiac arrest, and different from conventional triage were such patients would be classified as deceased. Used in triaging multiple victims of a lightning strike
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SCUBA
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A system that delivers air to the mouth and lungs at the various atmospheric pressures, increasing the depth of the dive; stands for self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
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turgor
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The ability of the skin to resist the deformation; tested by gently pinching skin on the four head or back of the hand
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What are the four factors affecting exposure?
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Physical condition; age; nutrition and hydration; environmental conditions
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What are the five ways a body can lose heat?
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Conduction; convection; evaporation; radiation; respiration
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How can the rate and amount of heat loss or gain by the body be modified?
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Increase or decrease heat production; move to an area where heat loss is decreased or increased; where insulated clothing, which helps to decrease heat loss in several ways.
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What sorts of patients are prone to hypothermia?
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Patients with injuries or illness, such as burns, shock, head injury, stroke, generalized infection, injuries to the spinal cord, diabetes, and hypoglycemia
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Core temperature 90 to 95°F
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Shivering, foot stamping; constricted blood vessels, rapid breathing; withdrawing level of consciousness
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Core temperature 89° to 92°F
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Lots of ordination, muscle stiffness; slowing respirations, slow pulse; confused, lethargic, sleepy level of consciousness
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Core temperature 80° to 88°F
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Coma; weak pulse, arrhythmias, very slow respiration; unresponsive level of consciousness
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Core temperature less than 80°F
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Apparent death; cardiac arrest; unresponsive level of consciousness
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Management of cold exposure
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Remove wet clothing and keep patient derived; prevent conduction heat loss; insulate all exposed body parts; prevent convection heat loss; remove the patient from the environment
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Factors that can contribute to local cold injuries
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Restricted circulation from tight clothing; circulatory disease; fatigue; port attrition; alcohol or drug abuse; hypothermia; diabetes; older age
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Frost nip
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The skin freezes while the deeper tissues are unaffected
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Immersion foot
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Also called trench foot; occurs after prolonged exposure to cold water.
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What are the two most efficient way the body tries to cool itself
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Sweating; and dilation of skin blood vessels, which brings blood to the skin surface to increase the rate of heat radiation
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Gangrene
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Permanent damage or cell death
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Patients at the greatest risk for heat illness
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Children; geriatric patients; patients with heart disease, COPD, diabetes, dehydration, and obesity; and those with limited mobility
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What is the progression of drowning
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Something goes wrong; panic; inefficient breathing; decreased buoyancy; exhaustion; cardiac or respiratory arrest
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What are the steps of rescuing someone from the water, taking into account potential spinal injuries
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Turn the patient supine; restore the airway begin ventilation; float a buoyant backboard under the patient; secure the truck and head of the backboard; remove the patient from the water on the backboard; cover the patient with a blanket
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Define mild lightning injury
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Loss of consciousness, amnesia, confusion, tingling, and other nonspecific signs and symptoms. Burns are usually superficial
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Define moderate lightning injury
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Seizures, restaurants, cardiac standstill that spontaneously resolves, and superficial burns
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Define severe lightning injury
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Cardiopulmonary arrest.
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What are the two most common, poisonous spider bites in the states
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Female black widow; brown recluse
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What type of venom is used by the black widow spider
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A neurotoxin
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What sort of venom is used by the Brown recluse
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Cytotoxic
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The most common types of poisonous snake
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Rattlesnake, the copperhead, the cottonmouth or water moccasin , and the coral snake
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Which three poisonous snakes are pit viper's
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Rattlesnakes, copperheads, and cottonmouths
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What is the mnemonic poem for remembering coral snake poison is
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Red on yellow will kill a fellow; red on black, venom will lack
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How does the coral snake poison its victims
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It has tiny things and injects the venom with its keep by chewing motion, leaving behind one or more puncture or scratch like wounds. It is a powerful toxin that causes paralysis of the nervous system
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What is the one American scorpion that has significant poison
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centruroides sculpturatus
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What two diseases do ticks carry
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Rocky Mountain spotted fever; Lyme disease
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How do you take a tick out
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With tweezers by the head
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What type of marine animal is responsible for more envenomations than any other
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coelenterates: fire coral, Portuguese man-of-war, see wasp, sea nettles, true jellyfish, sea anemones, true coral, and soft coral
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How do you treat stains from marine animals
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Pour vinegar on it
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