Emt-B Chapter 18

Front 1

Air embolism

Back 1

Air bubbles in the blood vessels

Front 2

Ambient temperature

Back 2

The temperature of the surrounding environment

Front 3

antivenin

Back 3

A serum to counteract the effects of venom from an animal or insect

Front 4

bends

Back 4

The common name for decompression sickness

Front 5

Bradycardia

Back 5

Slow heart rate, less than 60 beats a minute

Front 6

Breath-holding syncope

Back 6

Loss of consciousness caused by decreased breathing stimulus

Front 7

Conduction

Back 7

The loss of heat by direct contact (e.g. When a body part comes into contact with a colder object)

Front 8

Convection

Back 8

The loss of body heat caused by air movement (e.g. Breeze blowing across the body)

Front 9

Core temperature

Back 9

The temperature of the central part of the body (the heart, lungs, and vital organs)

Front 10

Decompression sickness

Back 10

A painful condition seen in divers who ascend too quickly, in which gas, especially nitrogen, forms bubbles in blood vessels and other tissues; also called the bends

Front 11

Diving reflex

Back 11

Slowing of the heart rate caused by his immersion in cold water

Front 12

Drowning

Back 12

Death from suffocation by submersion in water

Front 13

Electrolytes

Back 13

Certain salts and other chemicals that are dissolved in body fluids and cells

Front 14

Evaporation

Back 14

Conversion of water or another fluid from a liquid to a gas

Front 15

Frostbite

Back 15

Damage to tissues as the result of exposure to cold; frozen body parts

Front 16

Heat cramps

Back 16

Painful muscle spasms usually associated with vigorous activity in a hot environment

Front 17

Heat exhaustion

Back 17

A form of heat injury in which the body loses significant amounts of fluid and electrolytes, because of heavy sweating; also called heat prostration or heat collapse

Front 18

Heatstroke

Back 18

A life-threatening condition of severe hyperthermia caused by exposure to excessive natural or artificial heat, marked by warm, dry skin; severely altered mental status; and often irreversible coma

Front 19

Hyperbaric chamber

Back 19

A chamber, usually a small room, pressurized more than atmospheric pressure

Front 20

Hyperthermia

Back 20

A condition in which core temperature rises to 101°F (38.3°C) or more

Front 21

Hypothermia

Back 21

A condition in which core temperature falls below 95°F (35°C) after exposure to cold environment

Front 22

laryngospasm

Back 22

A severe constriction of the larynx and vocal cords

Front 23

Near drowning

Back 23

Survival, at least temporarily, after suffocation in water

Front 24

Radiation

Back 24

The transfer of heat to colder objects in the environment by radiant energy, for example, heat gained from a fire

Front 25

Respiration

Back 25

A loss of body heat as warm air in the lungs is exhaled into the atmosphere and cooler air is inhaled

Front 26

Reverse triage

Back 26

A triage process in which efforts are focused on those who are in respiratory and cardiac arrest, and different from conventional triage were such patients would be classified as deceased. Used in triaging multiple victims of a lightning strike

Front 27

SCUBA

Back 27

A system that delivers air to the mouth and lungs at the various atmospheric pressures, increasing the depth of the dive; stands for self-contained underwater breathing apparatus

Front 28

turgor

Back 28

The ability of the skin to resist the deformation; tested by gently pinching skin on the four head or back of the hand

Front 29

What are the four factors affecting exposure?

Back 29

Physical condition; age; nutrition and hydration; environmental conditions

Front 30

What are the five ways a body can lose heat?

Back 30

Conduction; convection; evaporation; radiation; respiration

Front 31

How can the rate and amount of heat loss or gain by the body be modified?

Back 31

Increase or decrease heat production; move to an area where heat loss is decreased or increased; where insulated clothing, which helps to decrease heat loss in several ways.

Front 32

What sorts of patients are prone to hypothermia?

Back 32

Patients with injuries or illness, such as burns, shock, head injury, stroke, generalized infection, injuries to the spinal cord, diabetes, and hypoglycemia

Front 33

Core temperature 90 to 95°F

Back 33

Shivering, foot stamping; constricted blood vessels, rapid breathing; withdrawing level of consciousness

Front 34

Core temperature 89° to 92°F

Back 34

Lots of ordination, muscle stiffness; slowing respirations, slow pulse; confused, lethargic, sleepy level of consciousness

Front 35

Core temperature 80° to 88°F

Back 35

Coma; weak pulse, arrhythmias, very slow respiration; unresponsive level of consciousness

Front 36

Core temperature less than 80°F

Back 36

Apparent death; cardiac arrest; unresponsive level of consciousness

Front 37

Management of cold exposure

Back 37

Remove wet clothing and keep patient derived; prevent conduction heat loss; insulate all exposed body parts; prevent convection heat loss; remove the patient from the environment

Front 38

Factors that can contribute to local cold injuries

Back 38

Restricted circulation from tight clothing; circulatory disease; fatigue; port attrition; alcohol or drug abuse; hypothermia; diabetes; older age

Front 39

Frost nip

Back 39

The skin freezes while the deeper tissues are unaffected

Front 40

Immersion foot

Back 40

Also called trench foot; occurs after prolonged exposure to cold water.

Front 41

What are the two most efficient way the body tries to cool itself

Back 41

Sweating; and dilation of skin blood vessels, which brings blood to the skin surface to increase the rate of heat radiation

Front 42

Gangrene

Back 42

Permanent damage or cell death

Front 43

Patients at the greatest risk for heat illness

Back 43

Children; geriatric patients; patients with heart disease, COPD, diabetes, dehydration, and obesity; and those with limited mobility

Front 44

What is the progression of drowning

Back 44

Something goes wrong; panic; inefficient breathing; decreased buoyancy; exhaustion; cardiac or respiratory arrest

Front 45

What are the steps of rescuing someone from the water, taking into account potential spinal injuries

Back 45

Turn the patient supine; restore the airway begin ventilation; float a buoyant backboard under the patient; secure the truck and head of the backboard; remove the patient from the water on the backboard; cover the patient with a blanket

Front 46

Define mild lightning injury

Back 46

Loss of consciousness, amnesia, confusion, tingling, and other nonspecific signs and symptoms. Burns are usually superficial

Front 47

Define moderate lightning injury

Back 47

Seizures, restaurants, cardiac standstill that spontaneously resolves, and superficial burns

Front 48

Define severe lightning injury

Back 48

Cardiopulmonary arrest.

Front 49

What are the two most common, poisonous spider bites in the states

Back 49

Female black widow; brown recluse

Front 50

What type of venom is used by the black widow spider

Back 50

A neurotoxin

Front 51

What sort of venom is used by the Brown recluse

Back 51

Cytotoxic

Front 52

The most common types of poisonous snake

Back 52

Rattlesnake, the copperhead, the cottonmouth or water moccasin , and the coral snake

Front 53

Which three poisonous snakes are pit viper's

Back 53

Rattlesnakes, copperheads, and cottonmouths

Front 54

What is the mnemonic poem for remembering coral snake poison is

Back 54

Red on yellow will kill a fellow; red on black, venom will lack

Front 55

How does the coral snake poison its victims

Back 55

It has tiny things and injects the venom with its keep by chewing motion, leaving behind one or more puncture or scratch like wounds. It is a powerful toxin that causes paralysis of the nervous system

Front 56

What is the one American scorpion that has significant poison

Back 56

centruroides sculpturatus

Front 57

What two diseases do ticks carry

Back 57

Rocky Mountain spotted fever; Lyme disease

Front 58

How do you take a tick out

Back 58

With tweezers by the head

Front 59

What type of marine animal is responsible for more envenomations than any other

Back 59

coelenterates: fire coral, Portuguese man-of-war, see wasp, sea nettles, true jellyfish, sea anemones, true coral, and soft coral

Front 60

How do you treat stains from marine animals

Back 60

Pour vinegar on it