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67 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Acute myocardial infarction
Heart attack; death of heart muscle following obstruction of blood flow to it. Acute in this context means "new" or "happening right now."
Angina pectoris
Transient (short-lived), chest discomfort caused by partial or temporary blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle
Anterior
Structure of the body; the side facing you in the standard anatomic position
Aorta
The main artery, and it receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all the other arteries that carry blood to tissues of the body
Aortic valve
The one-way valve that lies between the left ventricle, and the aorta. He keeps blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after the left ventricle ejects its blood into the aorta. One of the four heart valves
Arrhythmia
An irregular or abnormal heart rhythm
Atherosclerosis
A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium builds up inside the walls of blood vessels, eventually leading to partial or complete blockage of blood flow
asystole
Complete absence of heart electrical activity
Atrium
One of two upper chambers of the heart. The right atrium receives blood from the vena cava and delivers it to the right ventricle. The left atrium receives blood from pulmonary veins and delivers it to the left ventricle
Bradycardia
Slow heart rate, less than 60 beats per minute
Cardiac arrest
A state in which the heart fails to generate an effective and detectable bloodflow; pulses are not palpable in cardiac arrest, even if muscular electrical activity continues in the heart
Cardiogenic shock
A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be severe be severe, be a severe complication of the large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions
Congestive heart failure
A disorder in which the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood, usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle and usually resulting in a backup of fluid into the lungs
Coronary artery
A blood vessel that carries blood and nutrients to the heart muscle
Defibrillate
To shock a fibrillating heart with specialized electrical current in an attempt to restore a normal rhythmic beat
Dependent edema
Swelling in the part of the body closest to the ground, caused by collection of fluid in the tissues; a possible sign of congestive heart failure
Dilation
Widening of a tubular structure such as a coronary artery
Infarction
Death of a body tissue usually caused by interruption of blood supply
Inferior
The part of the body, or any body part, nearer to the feet
ischemia
A lack of oxygen at the price tissues of necessary nutrients, resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow; potentially reversible because permanent injury has not yet occurred
Lumen
The inside diameter of an artery or other hollow structure
Myocardium
Heart muscle
occlusion
Blockage, usually of a tubular structure such as a blood vessel
Perfusion
The flow of blood through the body tissue and vessels
Posterior
The back surface of the body; the site away from you in the standard anatomical position
Superior
Part of the body, or anybody parked near to the head
Syncope
Fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness
Tachycardia
Rapid heart rhythm, more than 100 beats per minute
Ventricle
One of two lower chambers of the heart. The left-center code receives blood from the left atrium and delivers blood to the aorta. The right ventricle receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the pulmonary artery
Ventricular fibrillation
Disorganized, ineffective twitching of the ventricles, resulting in no blood flow at the state of cardiac arrest
Ventricular tachycardia
Rapid heart rhythm in which the electrical impulse begins in the ventricle (instead of the atrium), which may result in inadequate blood flow and eventually deteriorate into cardiac arrest
Describe blood flow through the heart
Oxygen poor blood comes in to the right atrium from the inferior and superior vena cava; the right atrium pumps oxygen poor blood through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps oxygen poor blood out the pulmonary arteries into the lungs; blood comes back from the pulmonary vein into the left atrium; the left atrium pumps blood through the mitral belt into the left ventricle; the left ventricle pumps blood out to the body through the aorta.
Describe the electricity flow through the heart
The Sino atrial node begins the electric impulse. The impulse travels across the issue causing the contract. The impulses then cross over a bridge called the atrioventricular node. After a short cause electric impulse travels to both ventricles causing ventricular muscles to contract. After that atrioventricular node travels through the bundle of His through the Purkinje network.
Carotid arteries
Supply blood to the head and brain
Subclavian arteries
Supply blood to the upper extremities
Iliac arteries
Supply blood to the grand Palace and legs
Cholesterol
Having material form plaque inside the walls of blood vessels, attracting flow interfering with their ability to dilate or contract
Name the pulse point
Carotid; femoral; brachial; radial; posterior tibial; dorsalis pedis
What age does the peak incidence of heart disease occur?
40 to 70
What are the major controllable risk factors for myocardial infarction
Cigarette smoking, high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol levels, elevated blood glucose levels, lack of exercise, stress
what are the nature of uncontrollable risk factors for myocardial infarction
Older age, family history of coronary disease, being male
How is the pain of angina pectoris usually described?
Like somebody standing on my chest; crushing or squeezing.
Where is the pain of angina pectoris usually felt?
Mid chest, under the stern. It can radiate to the job and arms on the back or the epic gastronome
How long does angina pectoris usually last?
3 to 8 minutes
Characterize unstable angina
Pain in the chest of a coronary origin that occurs in response to progressively less exercise or fewer other stimuli other than those ordinarily required to produce angina. If untreated it can often lead to myocardial infarction
Character a stable angina
Pain in the chest of a coronary organ that is relieved by things that normally relieve it in a given patient, such as resting or taking nitroglycerin
How long after oxygen was cut off of heart muscles begin to die
30 minutes
Define thrombolytic
Clotbusting
Angioplasty
Mechanical cleaning of the artery
Signs and symptoms of a heart attack
Sudden onset of weakness, nausea, and sweating without obvious cause; chest pain/discomfort/pressure is often? Squeezing and that does not change with each breath; pain/discomfort/pressure in the lower jaw, arms, back, abdomen, or neck; sudden arrhythmia, with syncope; shortness of breath, or dyspnea; pulmonary edema; sudden death
How does the pain of heart attack differ from the pain of angina?
It may or may not because the exertion that may occur anytime; it does not result in a few minutes; it may not be relieved by rest or nitroglycerin
Physical findings of AMI and cardiac compromise
Pulse rate increases is a normal response to pain stress or fear may be some irregularity; blood pressure may fall as a result of this cardiac output, although it may be normal or slightly elevated; respiration to normal, unless the patient has congestive heart failure, which will cause aspirations to become rapid and labored; patient often appears frightened. There may be not a vomiting or cold sweat. The skin is often action grade because of poor cardiac output, although it may be foolish to.
Percentage of patients with AMI that never reached the hospital?
40%
Percent that survival diminishes per minute defibrillation?
10%
Changes in heart during congestive heart failure?
Heart rate increases; left ventricle enlarges
Why is it called congestive heart failure?
The lungs become congested with fluid. Once the heart fails to pump blood effectively
During congestive heart failure, the left ventricle fails:
Patient suffers pulmonary edema; and may have pink frothy sputum.
During congestive heart failure, with the right ventricle fails:
Fluid collects in the feet and legs causing them to swell
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
A blood vessel from the chest or leg is so directly from the aorta to a coronary artery beyond the point of the attraction.
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
A tiny balloon is attached to a long thin tube and used to clear extraction
stent
A metal mesh place inside the artery to keep Kerry from narrowing again.
Three common errors, with an AED
Not having the battery charged; apply to the patient was moving or being moved; apply to respond to patient with a rapid heart rate.
The four links in the chain of survival
Recognition of early warning signs in the activation of EMS; immediate bystander CPR; early defibrillation; early advanced cardiac life support
Medication for congestive heart failure
furosemide (Lasix),digoxin ,amiodarone
What dosage of aspirin you give during heart issues?
Between 162 and 324 mg
beats per minute on the AV node
40 -- 60
beats per minute on the Perkinje fibers
20-40