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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Acute myocardial infarction
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Heart attack; death of heart muscle following obstruction of blood flow to it. Acute in this context means "new" or "happening right now."
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Angina pectoris
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Transient (short-lived), chest discomfort caused by partial or temporary blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle
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Anterior
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Structure of the body; the side facing you in the standard anatomic position
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Aorta
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The main artery, and it receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all the other arteries that carry blood to tissues of the body
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Aortic valve
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The one-way valve that lies between the left ventricle, and the aorta. He keeps blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after the left ventricle ejects its blood into the aorta. One of the four heart valves
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Arrhythmia
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An irregular or abnormal heart rhythm
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Atherosclerosis
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A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium builds up inside the walls of blood vessels, eventually leading to partial or complete blockage of blood flow
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asystole
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Complete absence of heart electrical activity
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Atrium
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One of two upper chambers of the heart. The right atrium receives blood from the vena cava and delivers it to the right ventricle. The left atrium receives blood from pulmonary veins and delivers it to the left ventricle
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Bradycardia
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Slow heart rate, less than 60 beats per minute
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Cardiac arrest
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A state in which the heart fails to generate an effective and detectable bloodflow; pulses are not palpable in cardiac arrest, even if muscular electrical activity continues in the heart
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Cardiogenic shock
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A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be severe be severe, be a severe complication of the large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions
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Congestive heart failure
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A disorder in which the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood, usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle and usually resulting in a backup of fluid into the lungs
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Coronary artery
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A blood vessel that carries blood and nutrients to the heart muscle
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Defibrillate
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To shock a fibrillating heart with specialized electrical current in an attempt to restore a normal rhythmic beat
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Dependent edema
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Swelling in the part of the body closest to the ground, caused by collection of fluid in the tissues; a possible sign of congestive heart failure
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Dilation
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Widening of a tubular structure such as a coronary artery
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Infarction
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Death of a body tissue usually caused by interruption of blood supply
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Inferior
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The part of the body, or any body part, nearer to the feet
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ischemia
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A lack of oxygen at the price tissues of necessary nutrients, resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow; potentially reversible because permanent injury has not yet occurred
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Lumen
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The inside diameter of an artery or other hollow structure
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Myocardium
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Heart muscle
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occlusion
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Blockage, usually of a tubular structure such as a blood vessel
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Perfusion
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The flow of blood through the body tissue and vessels
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Posterior
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The back surface of the body; the site away from you in the standard anatomical position
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Superior
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Part of the body, or anybody parked near to the head
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Syncope
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Fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness
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Tachycardia
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Rapid heart rhythm, more than 100 beats per minute
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Ventricle
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One of two lower chambers of the heart. The left-center code receives blood from the left atrium and delivers blood to the aorta. The right ventricle receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the pulmonary artery
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Ventricular fibrillation
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Disorganized, ineffective twitching of the ventricles, resulting in no blood flow at the state of cardiac arrest
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Ventricular tachycardia
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Rapid heart rhythm in which the electrical impulse begins in the ventricle (instead of the atrium), which may result in inadequate blood flow and eventually deteriorate into cardiac arrest
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Describe blood flow through the heart
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Oxygen poor blood comes in to the right atrium from the inferior and superior vena cava; the right atrium pumps oxygen poor blood through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps oxygen poor blood out the pulmonary arteries into the lungs; blood comes back from the pulmonary vein into the left atrium; the left atrium pumps blood through the mitral belt into the left ventricle; the left ventricle pumps blood out to the body through the aorta.
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Describe the electricity flow through the heart
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The Sino atrial node begins the electric impulse. The impulse travels across the issue causing the contract. The impulses then cross over a bridge called the atrioventricular node. After a short cause electric impulse travels to both ventricles causing ventricular muscles to contract. After that atrioventricular node travels through the bundle of His through the Purkinje network.
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Carotid arteries
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Supply blood to the head and brain
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Subclavian arteries
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Supply blood to the upper extremities
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Iliac arteries
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Supply blood to the grand Palace and legs
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Cholesterol
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Having material form plaque inside the walls of blood vessels, attracting flow interfering with their ability to dilate or contract
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Name the pulse point
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Carotid; femoral; brachial; radial; posterior tibial; dorsalis pedis
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What age does the peak incidence of heart disease occur?
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40 to 70
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What are the major controllable risk factors for myocardial infarction
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Cigarette smoking, high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol levels, elevated blood glucose levels, lack of exercise, stress
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what are the nature of uncontrollable risk factors for myocardial infarction
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Older age, family history of coronary disease, being male
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How is the pain of angina pectoris usually described?
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Like somebody standing on my chest; crushing or squeezing.
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Where is the pain of angina pectoris usually felt?
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Mid chest, under the stern. It can radiate to the job and arms on the back or the epic gastronome
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How long does angina pectoris usually last?
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3 to 8 minutes
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Characterize unstable angina
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Pain in the chest of a coronary origin that occurs in response to progressively less exercise or fewer other stimuli other than those ordinarily required to produce angina. If untreated it can often lead to myocardial infarction
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Character a stable angina
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Pain in the chest of a coronary organ that is relieved by things that normally relieve it in a given patient, such as resting or taking nitroglycerin
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How long after oxygen was cut off of heart muscles begin to die
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30 minutes
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Define thrombolytic
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Clotbusting
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Angioplasty
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Mechanical cleaning of the artery
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Signs and symptoms of a heart attack
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Sudden onset of weakness, nausea, and sweating without obvious cause; chest pain/discomfort/pressure is often? Squeezing and that does not change with each breath; pain/discomfort/pressure in the lower jaw, arms, back, abdomen, or neck; sudden arrhythmia, with syncope; shortness of breath, or dyspnea; pulmonary edema; sudden death
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How does the pain of heart attack differ from the pain of angina?
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It may or may not because the exertion that may occur anytime; it does not result in a few minutes; it may not be relieved by rest or nitroglycerin
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Physical findings of AMI and cardiac compromise
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Pulse rate increases is a normal response to pain stress or fear may be some irregularity; blood pressure may fall as a result of this cardiac output, although it may be normal or slightly elevated; respiration to normal, unless the patient has congestive heart failure, which will cause aspirations to become rapid and labored; patient often appears frightened. There may be not a vomiting or cold sweat. The skin is often action grade because of poor cardiac output, although it may be foolish to.
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Percentage of patients with AMI that never reached the hospital?
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40%
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Percent that survival diminishes per minute defibrillation?
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10%
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Changes in heart during congestive heart failure?
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Heart rate increases; left ventricle enlarges
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Why is it called congestive heart failure?
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The lungs become congested with fluid. Once the heart fails to pump blood effectively
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During congestive heart failure, the left ventricle fails:
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Patient suffers pulmonary edema; and may have pink frothy sputum.
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During congestive heart failure, with the right ventricle fails:
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Fluid collects in the feet and legs causing them to swell
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Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
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A blood vessel from the chest or leg is so directly from the aorta to a coronary artery beyond the point of the attraction.
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Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
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A tiny balloon is attached to a long thin tube and used to clear extraction
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stent
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A metal mesh place inside the artery to keep Kerry from narrowing again.
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Three common errors, with an AED
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Not having the battery charged; apply to the patient was moving or being moved; apply to respond to patient with a rapid heart rate.
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The four links in the chain of survival
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Recognition of early warning signs in the activation of EMS; immediate bystander CPR; early defibrillation; early advanced cardiac life support
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Medication for congestive heart failure
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furosemide (Lasix),digoxin ,amiodarone
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What dosage of aspirin you give during heart issues?
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Between 162 and 324 mg
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beats per minute on the AV node
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40 -- 60
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beats per minute on the Perkinje fibers
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20-40
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